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Before 10/16 Copy the questions down on the same page as yesterday.

Before 10/16 Copy the questions down on the same page as yesterday. 5. What is the name of the Cyclops that traps Odysseus and his men? 6. What name does Odysseus give to fool the Cyclops? 7. Describe the process that the Greeks go through to escape the cave?. Chapter 4 / Section 2 Sparta.

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Before 10/16 Copy the questions down on the same page as yesterday.

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  1. Before 10/16Copy the questions down on the same page as yesterday. 5. What is the name of the Cyclops that traps Odysseus and his men? 6. What name does Odysseus give to fool the Cyclops? 7. Describe the process that the Greeks go through to escape the cave?

  2. Chapter 4 / Section 2Sparta

  3. Labeling Notes Fold your paper in half vertically. Label the left side “My Notes” Label the right side “Teacher Notes”

  4. Tyranny in the City-States (Pgs. 125-126)

  5. Tyranny in the City-States (Pgs. 125-126) • By the end of the Dark Age, nobles who owned large farms seized power from the Greek kings. • Small farms owners had to borrow money from the nobles and often could not repay their debts. • These farmers lost their land and had to work for the nobles or were sold into slavery. • This unhappiness led to the rise of tyrants (ty*ruhnt), or people who take power by force and rule with total authority.

  6. Tyrants overthrew the nobles during the 600’s B.C. • Tyrants gained and maintained their popularity by building marketplaces, temples, and walls. • Greeks did not like rule by one person – they wanted all citizens to participate in the government. • Greeks created oligarchies and democracies.

  7. An oligarchy (ah*luh*gahr*kee) is a form of government in which a few people hold power. • A democracy (dih*mah*kruh*see) is a form of government in which all citizens share power. • Sparta was an oligarchy. • Athens was a democracy.

  8. Sparta (pgs. 126 & 127)

  9. Sparta (pgs. 126 & 127) • Sparta was founded by the Dorians. • To obtain more land, Spartans conquered and enslaved their neighbors, calling them helots (heh*lots). • To keep the helots from rebelling, the Spartans created a strong military of boys and men.

  10. Boys entered the military at age 7 and were harshly treated to make them tough. • At age 20, men entered the regular army and lived in barracks for 10 years. • At age 30 they could return home but served in the military until age 60.

  11. Spartan Women • Spartan girls were trained in sports to stay fit and become healthy mothers. • Wives lived at home while their husbands lived in the barracks. • As a result, Spartan women were freer than other Greek women.

  12. Spartan’s Government • The Spartan government was an oligarchy containing two branches: a council of elders and an assembly. • Two kings headed the council of elders which included 28 citizens over the age of 60. • All Spartan men over the age of 30 belonged to the assembly. • They voted on the council’s laws and chose 5 ephurs (eh*fuhrs) each year to enforce laws and collect taxes.

  13. To maintain control of the country, the Spartan government kept out foreign visitors. • They banned foreign travel for any reason but military ones. • The government frowned upon its citizens studying literature or the arts. • Although Sparta had a superior army, it fell behind other Greeks in trade, science, and other subjects.

  14. Before 10/22Add to any other notes you have on the book. • 1. What instructions does Odysseus give to the crew about the bag of winds? • 2. What were the Laestrygonians? • 3. How many ships made it out of the Laestrygonians harbor?

  15. Athens (pgs. 128-130) • The citizens of Athens raised their children very differently from those of Sparta. • Boys went to school and were taught reading, writing, arithmetic, to sing, and to play the lyre. • Athenian girls stayed home where their mothers taught them spinning, weaving, and other household duties.

  16. Athenian Government • The government of early Athens was an oligarchy. • In 594 B.C., nobles turned to Solon (soh*luhn) to reform the Athenian government. • Solon canceled all farmers’ debts, freed those farmers who had become slaves, and allowed all male citizens to participate in the assembly. • Solon’s reforms were popular among the common people.

  17. The tyrant Peisistratus (py*sihs*truht*uhs) seized power in 560 B.C. • Peisistratus won the support of the poor by dividing large estates among landless farmers. • He gave money and jobs to poor people.

  18. Democracy in Athens • The most important leader after Peisistratus died was Cleisthenes (klys*thus*neez). • Cleisthenes took power in 508 B.C. and is credited for creating a democracy in Athens.

  19. Cleisthenes reorganized the assembly, or Ekklesia (ek*layz*ee*uh), and gave them more power. • Most importantly, Cleisthenes created a new council of 500 citizens called a Boule (boo*lay) to help the assembly carry out daily business. • Athenians chose the members of the council each year in a lottery which they believed to be fairer than an election that might favor the rich.

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