Ch 10 Toxicology Review

1. Ch 10 Toxicology Review K. Davis

2. 10-30 minutes 30-60 minutes 30 -90 minutes 60 – 120 minutes 1) Under normal drinking conditions, alcohol concentration in the blood peaks in:

3. Fatty Watery Meaty Dense 2) In the post-absorption period, alcohol is distributed uniformly among the ________________ portions of the body.

4. Oxidation Excretion Absorption Both a & b 3) Elimination of alcohol from the body is accomplished by 

5. stomach blood brain liver 4) The amount of alcohol exhaled in the lungs is directly proportional to the concentration of the alcohol in the ____.

6. vein; artery capillary; vein artery; capillary artery; vein 5) A/an _____ carries blood away from the heart; a/an _____ carries blood back to the heart.

7. Small intestine Large intestine Lungs Liver 6) Alcohol is absorbed from the stomach and the _____________.

8. Potassium dichromate Silver nitrate Carbon dioxide Water 7) Inside a Breathalyzer, the ethyl alcohol reacts with _________ in a fixed ratio.

9. Spectrophotometry Gas chromatography Neutron activation analysis Microspectrophotometry 8) Alcohol can be separated from other volatiles present in blood by the technique of _________________.

10. Preservative Anticoagulant Alcoholic disinfectant Non-alcoholic disinfectant 9) When drawing blood for alcohol testing, the suspect’s skin must first be wiped with a _______________.

11. 0.015 0.05 0.08 0.06 10) Most states have established _____ percent w/v as the impairment limit for blood alcohol concentration.

12. Total time to consume drink Alcohol content of beverage Amount consumed Quantity and type of food present in stomach Age of drinker 11) Which of the following is not a factor that helps determine rate of absorption?

13. Harold’s Law Hannah’s Law Henry’s Law Herman’s Law 12) ________________ states when a volatile chemical (alcohol) is dissolved in a liquid (blood), and is brought to equilibrium with air (alveolar breath), there is a fixed ratio between concentration of volatile compound in air and its concentration in liquid and that ratio is constant for a given temperature (34 degrees C).

14. Spectrophotometer Chromatograph Infrared absorption technique Mass spectrophotometer 13) The breathalyzer instrument is basically a _______________.

15. Walk and turn One-leg stand Horizontal gaze nystagmus Legal blood alcohol test 14) Which of the following is not a part of field sobriety testing?

16. Applied consent Implied consent General consent Expected consent 15) ___________ means that anyone operating a motor vehicle has already given “consent” to a test for alcohol intoxication.

17. Warrant Consent Chain of Custody form Physical evidence 16) In Schumerber v. California, the court said there was no _________ needed because it was an emergency situation.

18. Ethyl alcohol may be generated in a deceased individual as a result of bacterial action. Several samples taken from different sites can then be compared to each other. If the results for all blood samples are similar, the blood-alcohol levels can safely be attributed to alcohol consumption. All of the above 17) Why do you need to collect blood from numerous places on a post-mortem individual?

19. A) amphetamines B) barbiturates C) alcohol D) cocaine E) tranquilizers 18) In Western countries, the most heavily abused drug(s) is/are

20. A) urine B) cerebrospinal fluid C) vitreous humor D) brain tissue E) both A and D 19) Which of the following, if blood is not available, can the medical examiner NOT use in order to determine the body's alcohol content to a reasonable degree of accuracy?

21. A) the same as B) greater than C) less than 20) The amount of alcohol absorbed through the stomach walls is ________ the amount of alcohol absorbed through the walls of the small intestine.

22. A) indirect B) direct C) variable D) undetermined E) punctuated 21) There is a(n) ________ relationship between the amount of alcohol in the blood and that in the alveolar breath.

23. A) greater than B) less than C) the same as 22) During the period of absorption, the concentration of alcohol in arterial blood is ________ the concentration of alcohol in venous blood.

24. A) pulmonary vein B) left ventricle C) pulmonary artery D) superior vena cava E) aorta 23) A breath test reflects the alcohol concentration in the

25. A) TLC B) PCR C) GC D) GM/MS E) LC 24) The screening test used to analyze blood for alcohol in forensic labs is:

26. A) France B) Canada C) United States D) Sweden E) Japan 25) Of the following, which country has the lowest blood alcohol concentration in determining legal impairment level?

27. A) .02% B) .08% C) .05% D) .10% E) .04% 26) The DOT set the maximum allowable blood alcohol concentration for commercial truck and bus drivers at

28. A) fuel cell B) antibiotic C) monochromator D) anti-coagulant E) preservative 27) After a blood sample is collected for alcohol testing, a(n) ________ is added to stop the blood from clotting.

29. A) procaine B) opium C) morphine D) cocaine E) codeine 28) Upon entering the bloodstream, heroin is almost immediately metabolized into

30. A) water B) corrosive C) acidic D) neutral E) basic 29) A substance with a pH of 8 is likely to be

31. A) PCP B) methamphetamine C) cocaine D) aspirin E) methadone 30) Of the following, which is an acid drug?

32. A) immunoassay B) GC-MS C) TLC D) GC E) none of the above 31) Which is NOT a widely used screening tool in the toxicology lab?

33. A) months B) days C) weeks D) all of the above 32) Analyzing segments of hair for drug content may define the timeline for drug use, dating it back over a period of

34. A) destroys red blood cells B) causes platelets to clump C) combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin D) activates killer white blood cells E) causes brain damage due to overexposure to carbon atoms 33) Carbon monoxide is toxic because it

35. A) died before the fire started B) perished after the fire started C) was the arsonist D) died elsewhere and was brought to the fire scene after death E) was not a cigarette smoker 34) The presence of high levels of carbon monoxide in the blood of a victim found at the scene of a suspicious fire is proof that the victim:

36. A) help a drug user acknowledge his/her habit and suggest ways to become drug-free B) determine whether a person has taken one or more drugs C) smell the presence of illicit drugs on a suspect's clothing D) identify street drugs by their appearance E) advise the toxicologist as to which drug may be impairing an individual 35) A drug recognition expert (DRE) can

37. A) the same as B) greater than C) less than 36) The rate of alcohol absorption on a full stomach is ________ the rate of absorption on an empty stomach.

38. A) 1:21,000 B) 1:10 C) 1:100 D) 1:2,000 E) 1:1,000 37) The concentration of alcohol in an exhaled breath is in direct proportion to that of the blood of the same individual. The ratio of this relationship is closest to

39. A) whether they are involved in the buying or selling of drugs B) whether they are transporting any illegal substances C) whether they have ever taken one or more drugs D) whether they are under the influence of one or more drugs E) all of the above 38) The DRE program incorporates standardized methods for examining suspects to determine:

40. A) breath B) perspiration C) urine D) all of the above E) none of the above 39) Alcohol is eliminated from the body chemically unchanged in

41. A) the lungs B) the kidneys C) the liver D) the small intestine E) the stomach 40) Alcohol is oxidized in the body primarily in

42. A) barbiturates B) marijuana C) amphetamines D) ethyl alcohol E) all of the above 41) A breath test may be used to analyze

43. A) increase with time B) either increase or decrease with time C) decrease with time D) outcome is unpredictable E) remain unchanged 42) Blood is drawn from a living suspect involved in an automobile accident. If the specimen is keptunrefrigerated and at a moderately warm temperature the alcohol concentration can be expected to

44. A) 0.015 B) 0.15 C) 0.010 D) 0.10 E) none of the above 43) The elimination or "burn off" rate of alcohol averages ________ percent w/v per hour.

45. A) gas chromatography B) atomic absorption C) neutron activation analysis D) infrared spectrophotometry E) thin-layer chromatography 44) The analytical technique widely used for directly measuring the amount of alcohol present in the blood is

46. A) morphine B) heroin C) amobarbital D) amphetamine E) methadone 45) Which drug is NOT typically found in blood or urine?

47. A) hemoglobin B) carboxyhemoglobin C) white blood cells D) oxyhemoglobin E) the plasma 46) Carbon monoxide combines with what component of blood?

48. A) visible B) colored C) ultraviolet D) laser E) infrared 47) Some breath-testing devices for alcohol use ________ light to measure the quantity of alcohol trapped in a chamber.

49. A) gas chromatography B) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry C) infrared spectrophotometry D) ultraviolet spectrophotometry E) thin-layer chromatography 48) In forensic toxicology, all positive drug findings must be confirmed by a specific chemical test. The confirmation test of choice is

50. A) 5 B) 2 C) 7 D) 0 E) 9 49) A neutral substance will have a pH closest to

51. A) basic drug B) acid drug C) neutral drug D) all of the above E) none of the above 50) For the purpose of extracting the drug out of body tissues, an amphetamine is classified as a(n)