html5-img
1 / 37

The Odyssey

The Odyssey. Epic Poem by Homer. Part I: The Adventures of Odysseus Summary. The Odyssey opens with the Invocation to the Muse . Homer speaks in 1 st person pov asking Calliope (muse of epic poetry) to aid him in the telling of the story.

paniz
Download Presentation

The Odyssey

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Odyssey Epic Poem by Homer Melissa Biggs 2010

  2. Part I: The Adventures of OdysseusSummary • The Odyssey opens with the Invocation to the Muse. Homer speaks in 1st person pov asking Calliope (muse of epic poetry) to aid him in the telling of the story. • Invocation sums up the action and acts as a “teaser” keeping the audience in suspense. Melissa Biggs 2010

  3. Part I: The Adventures of OdysseusDevices and Figurative Language • “man skilled in all ways of contending” -epithet for Odysseus (l.2) • “the wanderer” – epithet for Odysseus (l.3) Melissa Biggs 2010

  4. Part I: Sailing from TroySummary • Odysseus held captive by Calypso and Circe but longed for his wife, Penelope, in his heart. • Left Troy, landed on the shores of the Ciconians. Ravaged city and rested. • Meanwhile, survivors gathered forces and stormed the beach on horseback. • Odysseus lost many men. Melissa Biggs 2010

  5. Part I: Sailing from TroyDevices and Figurative Language • Change in point of view from 1st person of Homer to 1st person of Odysseus. • “Laertes’ son” – epithet for Odysseus (l.18) • “loveliest among goddesses” – epithet for Calypso (l.30) • “the enchantress” – epithet for Circe (l.32) Melissa Biggs 2010

  6. Part I: Sailing from TroyDevices and Figurative Language (cont.) • “They came with dawn over that terrain like the leaves and blades of spring.” – simile comparing leaves and grass to the soldiers of Ciconians (ll.53-55) Melissa Biggs 2010

  7. Part I: The Lotus EatersSummary • Storm is sent by Zeus. Sail for nine days. • Land on shore and send three men to check out everything. They don’t return. • Odysseus finds them among the Lotus Eaters, a peaceful people that eat lotus and dream all day. • He must drag them back to the ship and tie them down. They have forgotten about home. Melissa Biggs 2010

  8. Part I: The Lotus EatersDevices and Figurative Language • “lord of the cloud” – epithet for Zeus (l.70) • “…driving veils of squall moved down like night on land and sea.” – simile comparing the storm to night (ll.71-72) • “Dawn with ringlet shining…” – personification of Sun (l.39) • “honeyed plant” – epithet for Lotus (l.97) • Symbol: Lotus is like addictive drugs Melissa Biggs 2010

  9. Part I: The CyclopsSummary • Odysseus and 12 men go to the cave because of Odysseus’ curiosity. • Polyphemus traps them in the cave and eats 2 of his men. Odysseus prays to Athena; finds an olive tree and makes it into a spear. • Upon his return, Odysseus gives him wine. • Says name is “Nobody.” They stab out his eye. Other Cyclopes do not help. Polyphemus screams,“Nobody’s hurt me!” Melissa Biggs 2010

  10. Part I: The CyclopsSummary (cont.) • Opens the cave, tries to capture men escaping. • Odysseus has tied men beneath sheep. He rides on the belly of the prize ram. • Polyphemus talks to ram and threatens Odysseus’ life. • Sailing away, Odysseus yells back his name. Telemus has foretold Polyphemus losing his eye. • Prays to Poseidon for punishment. Melissa Biggs 2010

  11. Part I: The CyclopsDevices and Figurative Language • “a cavern yawning” – personification (ll.122-123) • “he seemed rather a shaggy mountain” – metaphor (ll. 132-133) • “sweet scent hovered like a fume” – simile comparing the smell to a fume (l.150) • “cave man” – epithet for Polyphemus (l.172) • “who cast your lives like dice” – simile comparing the men to men of chance (ll. 199-200) • Dramatic Irony – when Odysseus lies about the ship being crashed on the rocks Melissa Biggs 2010

  12. Part I: The CyclopsDevices and Figurative Language (cont.) • “caught two in his hands like squirming puppies”- simile comparing men being eaten to puppies (l.234) • “gaping and crunching like a mountain lion” – simile comparing Polyphemus to a mountain lion (l.237) • “lay down like a mast among his sheep” – simile comparing Polyphemus to a mast (l.243) • “young Dawn with fingertips of rose” – epithet for Dawn • “reset the stone as one would cap a quiver” – simile comparing stone to a quiver cap (l.260) • Symbolism in olive tree – Athena’s symbols Melissa Biggs 2010

  13. Part I: The CyclopsDevices and Figurative Language (cont.) • “like a mast, a lugger of twenty oars” – simile comparing the spear to a mast (l.269) • “fire’s heart” – metaphor (l.276) • Situational Irony – rams come in for the night • Dramatic Irony – Lies about his name • Situational Irony – eating him last is not a gift • “…and leaned on it as a shipwright…” epic simile comparing Odysseus to a shipwright (ll.331-337) • “red-hot… seared… hissed broiling and roots popped” – imagery (ll.338-340) • “In a smithy…just as that eyeball hissed…” epic simile comparing Odysseus to a blacksmith (ll.341-344) Melissa Biggs 2010

  14. Part I: The CyclopsDevices and Figurative Language (cont.) • “rock roared” – personification (l.345) • “like a charm” – simile comparing the lie to a charm (l.365) • “death sat there huge” – personification (l.372) • “wooliest ram, choicest of the flock” – symbolism, Odysseus is the leader of the pack (l.383) • “Dawn spread out her fingertips of rose” – epithet for Dawn (l.388) • Dramatic Irony – Polyphemus does not know that Odysseus is under the ram’s belly • Character flaw – Boastful, Pride=HUBRIS • “Laertes’ son” “raider of cities” – epithets for Odysseus (ll.459-460) Melissa Biggs 2010

  15. Part I: The CyclopsDevices and Figurative Language (cont.) • Situational Irony – expected someone large and fierce to take eye, not twiggy and small • Verbal Irony – Polyphemus lies and uses reverse psychology to tempt Odysseus • “blue girdler of islands” – epithet for Poseidon (l.484) • “god of earthquake” – epithet for Poseidon (l.481) • Foreshadowing – lose companions, strange sail • “Young Dawn with fingertips of rose” – epithet for Dawn (l.519) Melissa Biggs 2010

  16. Part I: The Land of the DeadSummary • Aeolus gives Odysseus a bag of winds. Blows them back to Ithaca. • Odysseus tells men not to open; sleeps. • Men get curious and greedy, open bag and blown away from Ithaca. • Land of Laestrygonians – giant cannibals eat several men. Destroy all but 1 ship. Melissa Biggs 2010

  17. Part I: The Land of the DeadSummary (cont.) • Island of Circe – men turned to pigs, spends a year with her. • Sails to the Land of the Dead to meet with Tieresias (blind prophet). Sees Elpenor (man who died on Circe’s island) and Anticleia (mother committed suicide). • Teiresias gives him advice about the future, warns against Helios’ cattle. Melissa Biggs 2010

  18. Part I: The Land of the DeadDevices and Figurative Language • “singing nymph with sunbright hair” – epithet for Circe (l.533) • “son of great Laertes” “master mariner and soldier” – epithet for Odysseus (l.587) • “prince of Thebes” – epithet for Teiresias (l.620) Melissa Biggs 2010

  19. Part I: The Land of the DeadDevices and Figurative Language cont. • “son of Laertes and the gods of old” “master of landways and seaways” – epithet for Odysseus (l. 623) • “prince of those with the gift of speech” – epithet for Teiresias (l.631) • “god who thunders on land” – epithet for Poseidon (l.634) Melissa Biggs 2010

  20. Pt. I: The SirensSummary • Circe gives advice about the Sirens. • Odysseus plans to hear their song. Puts beeswax in mens’ ears and they bind him to the mast. • Odysseus is tempted and tries to get loose; sail past safely. Melissa Biggs 2010

  21. Pt. I: The SirensDevices and Figurative Language • “singing nymph with sunbright hair” – epithet for Circe (l.682) • “tight as a splint” – simile comparing Odysseus as a splint (l. 695) • “lord of high noon” – epithet for Helios (l.711) • Symbolism – Sirens represent temptation Melissa Biggs 2010

  22. Pt. I: Scylla and CharybdisSummary • Odysseus’ men fear the sounds of Charybdis. He convinces them to row on. • “Haven’t we seen fear before?” • They make it past Charybdis, but Scylla eats 6 of his best men. Melissa Biggs 2010

  23. Pt. I: Scylla and CharybdisDevices and Figurative Language • Dramatic Irony – we know that Odysseus will make a sacrifice of six men • Symbolism – all or nothing – sacrifice • “monster of the gray rock” – epithet for Scylla (l.791) • “dire gorge of the salt sea-tide” – epithet for Charybdis (l. 798) • “fell like rain” – simile comparing the sea to rain (l.802) Melissa Biggs 2010

  24. Pt. I: Scylla and CharybdisDevices and Figurative Language (cont.) • “rock bellowing” – personification (l.805) • Situational Irony – six of his best men are eaten • “A man surfcasting… so these were borne aloft.” – epic simile comparing Scylla to a fisherman catching fish (ll. 815-820) Melissa Biggs 2010

  25. Pt. I: The Cattle of the Sun GodSummary • Odysseus and men land of island of Thrinacia. • Odysseus reminds men that they have enough food. After a long stay, they run out. Odysseus goes to pray. • Eurylochus gives speech encouraging them to eat cattle – die being punished by gods, not by starving. • They eat the cattle; Helios asks Zeus to avenge him. Zeus agrees. Melissa Biggs 2010

  26. Pt. I: The Cattle of the Sun GodSummary (cont.) • Zeus sends a storm and kills all men, destroys his ship. • Odysseus floats back to Charybdis, survives by holding to a branch off a cliff. • Escapes Scylla also. • Floats to Calypso’s island and is captive for seven years. Melissa Biggs 2010

  27. Pt. I: The Cattle of the Sun GodDevices and Figurative Language • “Dawn with fingertips of rose” – epithet (l.833) • “Lord of High Noon” – epithet for Helios (l.873) • “Overlord of Noon” – epithet for Helios (l.904) • “Son of Cronus” – epithet for Zeus (l.931) • “whining from the west” – personification (l.941) • “like a diver” – simile comparing the soul of a dead man to a diver (l. 947) • “bobbing awhile like petrels on the waves” – simile comparing dead bodies to birds (ll. 952-953) Melissa Biggs 2010

  28. Pt. I: The Cattle of the Sun GodDevices and Figurative Language (cont.) • “whirlpool drank the tide” – personification (l.969) • “catching on like a bat under a bough” – simile comparing Odysseus to a bat (l. 971) • “And, ah!... goes home to supper.” – epic simile comparing Odysseus to a merchant going home (ll.978-982) • “Father of gods and men” – epithet for Zeus (l.987) Melissa Biggs 2010

  29. Pt. II: Twenty Years GoneSummary • Odysseus finishes his story to Alcinous, King of Phaecians. • Sails home after 10 years. • Suitors have been after his wife, land, and son (planning murder). Meanwhile, Telemachus searches for his father. • Athena disguises him as a beggar. • Eumaues (swineherd) does not recognize him. Telemachus does with disguise removed. • Plan to fight suitors – do not tell women. Melissa Biggs 2010

  30. Pt. II: Twenty Years GoneDevices and Figurative Language • “Son of Laertes and the gods of old” – epithet for Odysseus (l.1009) • “master of landways and seaways” – epithet for Odysseus (l.1010) • “here you stand like one of the immortals” – simile comparing Odysseus to a god (l.1044) • “hope of soldiers” – epithet for Athena (l.1053) • “cries burst from both as keen… as those” – epic simile comparing tears of Odysseus and Telemachus to a hawk with babies taken (ll.1063-1065) Melissa Biggs 2010

  31. Pt. II: ArgusSummary • Argus is Odysseus’ dog. He has been disrespected and treated badly. Sits in a pile of dung. • When he hears Odysseus’ voice, recognizes him immediately. • Wags tail, then dies. Odysseus sheds a tear. • Waited for him to return – loyalty. Melissa Biggs 2010

  32. Pt. II: ArgusDevices and Figurative Language • Symbolism – treated like dung, lays in dung • Dramatic Irony – we know Argus recognizes Odysseus • Theme – Loyalty to master • Theme – Code of Hospitality Melissa Biggs 2010

  33. Pt. II: The SuitorsSummary • Odysseus enters as the beggar. • Antinous, the most arrogant, yells at him and throws a stool. Will not share. • Telemachus takes down the weapons. • Eurynome comes and takes Odysseus to Penelope’s room. Melissa Biggs 2010

  34. Pt. II: The SuitorsDevices and Figurative Language • Dramatic Irony – Odysseus is home and not a beggar. • Situational Irony – Antinous acts as if he owns the home • “like solid rock” – simile comparing Odysseus’ shoulder to a rock (l.1230) • “looking like strangers” – simile comparing the beggar to a stranger (l.1257) • “heart felt the blow” – metaphor describing how Telemachus is affected by what he saw (l.1262) Melissa Biggs 2010

  35. Pt. II: PenelopeSummary • The beggar comes to Penelope’s room to talk and tells her that he has seen her husband. • His story tests her faithfulness and dedication. • She begins the death shroud test. They find out about it. Melissa Biggs 2010

  36. Pt. II: Odysseus’ RevengeSummary • Penelope says she’ll marry any man that can string Odysseus’ bow. Several try and fail. • Beggar wants a turn. On first try, strings the bow, shoots arrow through 12 axe handles. • 2nd shot hits Antinous in throat and kills him; suitors believe it an accident.Reveals himself – Promises death to all. • Eurymachus attempts a bribe. • All suitors killed with help from Eumaeus, Philoetius, Telemachus and Athena. Melissa Biggs 2010

  37. Pt. II: Penelope (Reunited)Summary • Penelope is unsure about Odysseus. Cautious, doesn’t want to be tricked. • Tests him. Asks for the bed to be moved to the hallway. • Odysseus upset. He made the bed from a tree rooted to the spot. Proves his identity. • Love each other… happily ever after. Melissa Biggs 2010

More Related