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Agenda

Agenda. Finish micropipette lab- turn in Do the pink mixing worksheet- turn in Take Demonstration Quiz using Micropipettes Cells Unit- pretest Cells Unit notes- Obj. 7.1 and 7.2 Turn in composition notebooks HW: Obj. 7.1 and 7.2 (Do on a separate sheet of paper). Cells! What are they?

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Agenda

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  1. Agenda Finish micropipette lab- turn in Do the pink mixing worksheet- turn in Take Demonstration Quiz using Micropipettes Cells Unit- pretest Cells Unit notes- Obj. 7.1 and 7.2 Turn in composition notebooks HW: Obj. 7.1 and 7.2 (Do on a separate sheet of paper)

  2. Cells! What are they? Who has them? What do they do?

  3. Cells Pre-Test On the top part of your guided notes, answer these questions: • What is a cell? • Where are cells found? • Who has cells? • What do cells do? • Where else have you heard the term ‘cell’, not related to Biology? • Draw a cell, with as many parts as you can

  4. Look at your cell drawing on the pre-test: Did it look like this? This is a typical animal cell, but cells come in all shapes and sizes…

  5. Neuron (brain cell) Skin Cells Amoeba Muscle Cells Bacteria

  6. What is a Cell? • The cell is the smallest unit of life! • The Cell Theory states: • All living things are composed of cells • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things • All new cells come from pre-existing cells

  7. Great Moments in Cell-Hood • Robert Hooke named the tiny chambers in cork (from trees) “cells” in 1665. • Schleiden and Schwann concluded that plants and animals are made of cells in 1838 and 1839. • First images looked like this: (Pretty boring!!!)

  8. Great Moments in Cell-Hood Now, we use scanning electron microscopes to see cells like this: Samples are chemically preserved, dried, placed in a vacuum, and shot with a beam of electrons! It’s that easy…

  9. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes • Living things are called prokaryotes or eukaryotes based on their cells • Prokaryotes have DNA, but it is not contained in a nucleus • Prokaryotes are simpler and unicellular

  10. Eukaryotes • Eukaryotes have organelles enclosed in membranes • DNA is enclosed in a nucleus • Eukaryotes are uni or multicellular

  11. Eukaryotic Cell Structure • Eukaryotic cells contain organelles, which serve specific functions • Each organelle is essential to overall cell function

  12. Organelles for Protein-Making • The following organelles work to make proteins, which make up you! • Nucleus- contains DNA (directions to make proteins); control center of cell • Nuclear Envelope- perforated coating around nucleus; allows good things in and keep bad things out • Chromatin/Chromosomes- form DNA is in while inside nucleus

  13. Organelles for Protein-Making • Nucleolus- knot of DNA where production of ribosomes occurs • Ribosomes- where proteins are assembled using directions from DNA

  14. Organelles for Lipids and Transport • The following organelles work to make lipids and transport molecules: • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- assembles lipids; transports proteins being made • Smooth ER: no ribosomes on it • Rough ER: ribosomes on outside • Some ribosomes float around freely

  15. Organelles for Lipids and Transport • Golgi Apparatus- modifies, sorts, packages proteins and lipids from the ER • Molecules are being packaged to be stored in cell or sent out of cell

  16. Organelles for Lipids and Transport • Cell Membrane- cell covering that controls what enters and exits cells

  17. Organelles for Energy • The following organelles are make and convert energy to useable forms! • Mitochondria- Do respiration for you! They convert food into ATP (molecule that powers your bodily processes). Gives off CO2 in the process.

  18. Organelles for Energy • Chloroplasts- Do photosynthesis for plants! Capture light energy and use it to convert CO2 to sugar.

  19. Organelles for Energy • To the right of your mitochondria picture, write the following equations: Photosynthesis: Respiration: C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP!

  20. Organelles for Structure and Storage • The following organelles provide structure and storage: • Cytoskeleton- protein highway that maintains cell shape and transports molecules • Cytoplasm- liquidy goo that organelles float in

  21. Organelles for Structure and Storage • Cell Wall- rigid cell covering that gives cells shape and support (plants only!) • . • ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… • Vacuole- storage organ

  22. Organelles for Garbage Disposal • Please add this at the bottom of your notes! Then, give it its own color on your yellow worksheet. • The lysosome breaks down old organelles, incorrect made proteins and lipids, and foreign objects • It contains digestive enzymes with a pH of 4.5!

  23. Plant vs. Animal Cells • Plant and Animal Cells differ in three ways: • Plant cells have cell walls • Plant cells have large vacuoles • Plant cells have chloroplasts

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