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Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [ UWB Channel Model for Indoor Residential Environment ] Date Submitted: [16 September, 2004 ] Source: [ Chia-Chin Chong, Youngeil Kim, SeongSoo Lee ]

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Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

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  1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [UWB Channel Model for Indoor Residential Environment] Date Submitted: [16 September, 2004] Source: [Chia-Chin Chong, Youngeil Kim, SeongSoo Lee] Company [Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT)] Address [RF Technology Group, Comm. & Networking Lab., P. O. Box 111, Suwon 440-600, Korea.] Voice:[+82-31-280-6865], FAX: [+82-31-280-9555], E-Mail: [chiachin.chong@samsung.com] Re: [Response to Call for Contributions on IEEE 802.15.4a Channel Models] Abstract: [This contribution describes the UWB channel measurement results in indoor residential environment based in several types of high-rise apartments. It consists of detailed characterization of both the large-scale and small-scale parameters of the channel such as frequency-domain parameters, temporal-domain parameters, small-scale amplitude statistics and S-V clustering multipath channel parameters of the UWB channel with bandwidth from 3 to 10 GHz.] Purpose: [Contribution towards the IEEE 802.15.4a Channel Modeling Subgroup.] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  2. UWB Channel Model for Indoor Residential Environment Chia-Chin Chong, Youngeil Kim, SeongSoo Lee Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Korea Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  3. Outline • Measurement Setup & Environment • Data Analysis & Post-Processing • Measurement Results • Large-Scale Parameters • Small-Scale Parameters • Conclusion Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  4. Measurement Setup (1) • Frequency domain technique using VNA • Center frequency, fc : 6.5GHz • Bandwidth, B : 7GHz (i.e. 3-10GHz) • Delay resolution,  : 142.9ps (i.e. =1/B) • No. frequency points, N : 1601 • Frequency step, f : 4.375MHz (i.e. f=B/(N-1)) • Max. excess delay, max : 229.6ns (i.e. max=1/f) • Sweeping time, tsw : 800ms • Max. Doppler shift, fd,max : 1.25Hz (i.e. fd,max=1/tsw) Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  5. Measurement Setup (2) • UWB planar dipole antennas • Measurement controlled by laptop with LabVIEW via GPIB interface • Calibration performed in an anechoic chamber with 1m reference separation • Static environment during recording • Both large-scale & small-scale measurements • Large-scale: different RX positions  “local point” • Small-scale: 25 (5x5) grid-measurements around each local point  “spatial point” • At each spatial point, 30 time-snapshots of the channel complex frequency responses are recorded Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  6. Measurement Setup (3) Propagation Channel RX antenna TX antenna Coaxial Cables Vector network analyzer (Agilent 8722ES) Low Noise Amplifier (Miteq AFS5) Power Amplifier (Agilent 83020A) Attenuator (Agilent 8496B) GPIB Interface Laptop with LabVIEW Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  7. UWB Planar Dipole Antenna Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  8. Measurement Environment • Measurements in various types of high-rise apartments based on several cities in Korea  typical types in Asia countries like Korea, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, etc. • 3-bedrooms (Apart1) • 4-bedrooms (Apart2) • Both LOS and NLOS configurations • TX-RX antennas: • Separations: up to 20m • Height: 1.25m (with ceiling height of 2.5m) • TX antenna: always fixed in the center of the living room • RX antenna: moved around the apartment (i.e. 8-10 locations) • 12,000 channel complex frequency responses are collected (i.e. 2 apartments x 8 RX local points x 25 spatial points x 30 time snapshots  2x8x25x30=12,000) Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  9. 3-Bedroom Apartment Grid-Measurement Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  10. 4-Bedroom Apartment Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  11. Data Analysis & Post-Processing • All measurement data are calibrated with the calibration data measured in anechoic chamber to remove effect of measurement system • Perform frequency domain windowing to reduce the leakage problem • Complex passband IFFT is deployed to transform the complex frequency response to complex impulse response • Perform temporal domain binning before extract channel parameters Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  12. Channel Model Description • Large-Scale Parameters: • Path loss and Shadowing • Frequency Decaying Factor • Small-Scale Parameters: • Temporal Domain Parameters • S-V Multipath Channel Parameters • Small-Scale Amplitude Statistics Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  13. Path Loss and Shadowing • Path loss (PL) vs. Distance (d): • d0 = 1m • PL0 : intercept • n : path loss exponent • S : Shadowing fading parameter • Perform linear regression to the above equation with measured data to extract the required parameters Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  14. Path Loss vs. Distance – LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  15. Path Loss vs. Distance – NLOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  16. Frequency Decaying Factor • Path loss (PL) vs. Frequency (f): or (Method 1) (Method 2) Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  17. Frequency Decaying Factor – LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  18. Frequency Decaying Factor – NLOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  19. Large-Scale Parameters Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  20. Temporal Domain Parameters • These parameters were obtained after taking frequency domain Hamming windowing, passband IFFT & temporal domainbinning Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  21. S-V Multipath Channel (1) • Saleh-Valenzuela (S-V) channel model is given by • L : number of clusters lth cluster • Kl: number of MPCs within the • ak,l : multipath gain coefficent of the kth component in lth cluster • Tl : delay of the lth cluster • k,l : delay of the kth MPC relative to the to the lth cluster arrival time Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  22. S-V Multipath Channel (2) • Cluster arrival times Poisson distribution • Ray arrival times Poisson distribution •  : mean cluster arrival rate •  : mean ray arrival rate Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  23. S-V Multipath Channel (3) • Average power of a MPC at a given delay, Tl + k,l • : expected value of the power of the first arriving MPC •  : cluster decay factor •  : ray decay factor Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  24. Cluster Decay Factor,  – LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  25. Cluster Decay Factor,  – NLOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  26. Ray Decay Factor,  – LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  27. Ray Decay Factor,  – NLOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  28. Cluster Arrival Rate,  – LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  29. Cluster Arrival Rate,  – NLOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  30. Ray Arrival Rate,  – LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  31. Ray Arrival Rate,  – NLOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  32. Mixture Poisson Distribution • Fitting the ray arrival times to a mixture of 2 Poisson distributions similar to [1]: • : mixture probability • 1 & 2: ray arrival rates Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  33. Mixture Poisson Distributions – LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  34. Mixture Poisson Distributions – NLOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  35. Number of Clusters Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  36. Number of MPCs per Cluster Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  37. S-V Multipath Channel Parameters Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  38. Small-Scale Amplitude Statistics • Comparison of empirical path amplitude distribution with the following five commonly used theoretical distributions: • Lognormal • Nakagami • Rayleigh • Ricean • Weibull • The goodness-of-fit of the received signal amplitudes is evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test & Chi-Square (2) test with 5% and 10% significance level, respectively. Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  39. Goodness-of-Test: LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  40. Goodness-of-Test: NLOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  41. CDF of Path Amplitude – LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  42. CDF of Path Amplitude – NLOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  43. Small-Scale Amplitude Statistics Parameters • The results demonstrate that lognormal, Nakagami and Weibull fit the measurement data well. • Parameters of these distributions (i.e. standard deviation of lognormal PDF, m-parameter of Nakagami PDF and b-shape parameter of Weibull PDF) can be modeled by a lognormal distribution, respectively • These parameters are almost constant across the excess delay Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  44. Standard Deviation of Lognormal PDF – LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  45. Standard Deviation of Lognormal PDF – NLOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  46. m-Nakagami Parameter – LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  47. m-Nakagami Parameter – NLOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  48. b-Weibull Parameter – LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  49. b-Weibull Parameter – NLOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

  50. Variations of Lognormal- with Delay – LOS Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung (SAIT)

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