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ICP-MS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND RECENT HARDWARE ADVANCES

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ICP-MS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND RECENT HARDWARE ADVANCES

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    1. ICP-MS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND RECENT HARDWARE ADVANCES

    3. ICPMS Block Diagram Circa 1983

    5. ELAN 5000 (1990)

    6. Technology Improvements Sensitivity increases to 3000 cps/ppb Turbomolecular vacuum pumps Maintenance free Much quicker pump down times Better ICP power supply (RF Generator) technology Free Running RF Generator Faster and much more robust than crystal controlled designs Better Ion Optics Shadow stop protects sensitive surfaces from deposition Reduces drift and operator maintenance (cleaning)

    7. ELAN 6000 (1994)

    8. ELAN 6000 1994 Technology Improvements Sensitivity increases to 15000 cps/ppb Dual Mode detector Discrete Dynode Electron Multiplier (DDEM) Nine orders of magnitude dynamic range Much more reliable and sensitive than the CEM Software Intelligence Automation of instrument adjustments Greater ease of use by non-expert analysts Much smaller foot print Innovative single lens ion optics

    9. Schematic Diagram of ICP-MS: 1994 Let’s review basic ICP-MS operation. Samples (typically liquids, but laser-ablated solids and gases can also be analyzed) are introduced via a sample introduction system into an argon plasma. The plasma, an electronic discharge of argon rapidly coverts all metals into single positively charged ions which are drawn through an interface under partial vacuum through “cones”. Once through the cones, the positive ions begin to expand in the vacuum, repelling one another with like charge. An “ion lens” needs to provide a ring of positive voltage to direct the ions into a small target of the mass filtering device – the qaudrupole. The system has created a steady stream of positive ions which must be separated from one another to be identified and counted. This is the job of the quadrupole. Sweeping rapidly through the entire periodic table from low to high mass, the four rod device affords each ion (with its unique mass-to-charge ratio) a finite moment to traverse to the end of the quadrupole. An extremely sensitive detector denotes each mass. With known calibration standards, rapid quantitation of many elements is achieved in minutes with excellent statistics.Let’s review basic ICP-MS operation. Samples (typically liquids, but laser-ablated solids and gases can also be analyzed) are introduced via a sample introduction system into an argon plasma. The plasma, an electronic discharge of argon rapidly coverts all metals into single positively charged ions which are drawn through an interface under partial vacuum through “cones”. Once through the cones, the positive ions begin to expand in the vacuum, repelling one another with like charge. An “ion lens” needs to provide a ring of positive voltage to direct the ions into a small target of the mass filtering device – the qaudrupole. The system has created a steady stream of positive ions which must be separated from one another to be identified and counted. This is the job of the quadrupole. Sweeping rapidly through the entire periodic table from low to high mass, the four rod device affords each ion (with its unique mass-to-charge ratio) a finite moment to traverse to the end of the quadrupole. An extremely sensitive detector denotes each mass. With known calibration standards, rapid quantitation of many elements is achieved in minutes with excellent statistics.

    10. 1999 - ELAN 6100DRC 2002 – 2005 ELAN 9000, DRCe, DRC II

    11. Quantum jump in spectral interference reduction Reaction Cell Technology - Dynamic Reaction Cell™ (DRC™) First Cell ICP-MS capable of sub-ppt detection limits for all Period 4 elements (K-Se) Uses ion-molecule chemistry to reduce interferences by 109 Improved Sensitivity – 40000 cps/ppb

    12. Schematic Diagram of ICP-MS with DRC: 1999 -2010

    13. Sample Introduction New Torch mount Improved cassette torch mount Removes entire torch and injector assembly together Larger handles Only ½ turn to unlock or lock

    14. Sample Introduction 0.25 ml/min liquid uptake rate Concentric nebulizer with low dead volume connections Glass or quartz New o-ring less cyclonic spray chamber Glass or quartz

    15. New Plasma view port Full color plasma view screen Image clearly shows injector orifice and cone orifice

    16. Interface, 2010 New Interface

    17. Page 17 Traditional Interface Consists of two cones Sample the ions from the plasma. Transition the ions from atmospheric pressure to the high vacuum environment of the quadrupole and detector. Neutrals and Photons also pass through the interface.

    18. New Triple Cone Interface

    20. Traditional Lens Systems Einsel Lens System circa 1983

    21. Page 21 Off Axis Lens Stack

    22. Page 22 Single component Lens and Shadow Stop, 1994-2010

    23. Ion Optic, 2010 New Ion Optics

    24. NexION 300 Quadrupole Ion Deflector

    25. Quadrupole Ion Deflector (QID) Incredible stability Very low background noise Elimination of lens maintenance requirements Mass spectrometer (including cell) remains clean when analyzing dirty samples More time running samples, less time cleaning or recalibrating

    26. Interference Reduction and Cell Technology New Universal Cell

    27. Interference Reduction and Cell Technology Dynamic Reaction Cell (DRC) Chemically removes interferences Unique to PerkinElmer Collision Cell Uses kinetic energy discrimination (KED) Used by most other ICP-MS vendors

    30. Several elements, such as potassium, calcium, iron, selenium, and arsenic have higher detection limits due to plasma based interferences.Several elements, such as potassium, calcium, iron, selenium, and arsenic have higher detection limits due to plasma based interferences.

    34. Standard Mode The STD mode is most suitable for: Applications with few interferences on analytes of interest Low mass or high mass elements For a number of elements there are no interferences and it’s best to operate in Standard ModeFor a number of elements there are no interferences and it’s best to operate in Standard Mode

    35. Collision Cell Mode The Collision (KED) mode is most suitable for: First row transition elements Applications susceptible to common interferences at moderate levels For a number of the transition elements susceptible to interferences at moderate levels, Collision Mode offers a simple solution that meets required detection limits.For a number of the transition elements susceptible to interferences at moderate levels, Collision Mode offers a simple solution that meets required detection limits.

    36. Reaction Cell Mode The Reaction (DRC) mode is most suitable for: Applications with the highest level of interferences that require the lowest detection limits For best performance, the Universal Cell can switch to Dynamic Reaction Mode utilizing the full power of its scanning quadrupole. Let’s take a look at the DRC Mode.For best performance, the Universal Cell can switch to Dynamic Reaction Mode utilizing the full power of its scanning quadrupole. Let’s take a look at the DRC Mode.

    37. New Universal Cell Technology

    38. ICP-MS Today

    39. ICP-MS Today

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