Aspen Institute/Urban District Leaders Network May 21, 2013 Tampa, FL

1. PARCC:Aligning Assessment Practices Aspen Institute/Urban District Leaders Network May 21, 2013 Tampa, FL

2. Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC)

3. A Recent History of PARCC • PARCC states developed the Model Content Frameworks to provide guidance to key elements of excellent instruction aligned with the Standards. • PARCC states developed Claims based on the CCSSM. • The blueprints for the PARCC Assessments have been developed using the CCSS, Claims and Model Content Frameworks. • Cognitive Complexity Framework development. • Performance Level Descriptors have been drafted and have been publicly reviewed. • Conducted a small-scale research study on functionality and student interaction with items this past Spring • Phase 1 of item development is coming to an end this summer and phase 2 will begin immediately.

4. How PARCC has been presenting Evidence-Centered Design (ECD) ECD is a deliberate and systematic approach to assessment development that will help to establish the validityof the assessments, increase the comparability of year-to year results, and increase efficiencies/reduce costs.

5. Sub-Claim D: Highlighted Practice MP.4 with Connections to Content (modeling/application) The student solves real-world problems with a degree of difficulty appropriate to the grade/course by applying knowledge and skills articulated in the standards for the current grade/course (or for more complex problems, knowledge and skills articulated in the standards for previous grades/courses), engaging particularly in the Modeling practice, and where helpful making sense of problems and persevering to solve them (MP. 1),reasoning abstractly and quantitatively (MP. 2), using appropriate tools strategically (MP.5), looking for and making use of structure (MP.7), and/or looking for and expressing regularity in repeated reasoning (MP.8). Claims Structure: Mathematics Sub-Claim B: Additional & Supporting Content2 with Connections to Practices The student solves problems involving the Additional and Supporting Content2 for her grade/course with connections to the Standards for Mathematical Practice. Sub-Claim E: Fluency in applicable grades (3-6) The student demonstrates fluency as set forth in the Standards for Mathematical Content in her grade. Sub-Claim A: Major Content1 with Connections to Practices The student solves problems involving the Major Content1 for her grade/course with connections to the Standards for Mathematical Practice. Master Claim: On-Track for college and career readiness. The degree to which a student is college and career ready (or “on-track” to being ready) in mathematics. The student solves grade-level /course-level problems in mathematics as set forth in the Standards for Mathematical Content with connections to the Standards for Mathematical Practice.  Total Exam Score Points: 82 (Grades 3-8), 97 or 107(HS) Sub-Claim C: Highlighted Practices MP.3,6 with Connections to Content3 (expressing mathematical reasoning) The student expresses grade/course-level appropriate mathematical reasoning by constructing viable arguments, critiquing the reasoning of others, and/or attending to precision when making mathematical statements. ~37 pts (3-8), ~42 pts (HS) ~14 pts (3-8), ~23 pts (HS) 14 pts (3-8), 14 pts (HS) 4 pts (Alg II/Math 3 CCR) 7-9 pts (3-6) 12 pts (3-8), 18 pts (HS) 6 pts (Alg II/Math 3 CCR) 1 For the purposes of the PARCC Mathematics assessments, the Major Content in a grade/course is determined by that grade level’s Major Clusters as identified in the PARCC Model Content Frameworks v.3.0 for Mathematics. Note that tasks on PARCC assessments providing evidence for this claim will sometimes require the student to apply the knowledge, skills, and understandings from across several Major Clusters. 2 The Additional and Supporting Content in a grade/course is determined by that grade level’s Additional and Supporting Clusters as identified in the PARCC Model Content Frameworks v.3.0 for Mathematics. 3 For 3 – 8, Sub-Claim C includes only Major Content. For High School, Sub-Claim C includes Major, Additional and Supporting Content.

6. ELA/Literacy Claims for the PARCC Summative Assessments

7. How PARCC has been presenting Evidence-Centered Design (ECD) ECD is a deliberate and systematic approach to assessment development that will help to establish the validityof the assessments, increase the comparability of year-to year results, and increase efficiencies/reduce costs.

8. Overview of Evidence Statements: Types of Evidence Statements Several types of evidence statements are being used to describe what a task should be assessing, including: • Those using exact standards language • Those transparently derived from exact standards language, e.g., by splitting a content standard • Integrative evidence statements that express plausible connections among standards • Sub-claim C and D evidence statements, which put Practices 3 (argument), 4 (modeling), 6 (precision) as primary with connections to content

9. Overview of Evidence Statements: Examples Several types of evidence statements are being used to describe what a task should be assessing, including: • Those using exact standards language

10. Overview of Evidence Statements: Examples Several types of evidence statements are being used to describe what a task should be assessing, including: • Those transparently derived from exact standards language, e.g., by splitting a content standard

11. Overview of Evidence Statements: Examples Several types of evidence statements are being used to describe what a task should be assessing, including: • Integrative evidence statements that express plausible connections among standards

12. Overview of Evidence Statements: Examples Several types of evidence statements are being used to describe what a task should be assessing, including: • Sub-claim C & Sub-claim D Evidence Statements, which put MP.3, 4, 6 as primary with connections to content

13. ELA Evidence Statements—Grade 7Informational Texts (CCSS 1 and 2)

14. ELA Evidence Statements—Grade 7Informational Texts (CCSS 8 and 9)

15. Refl-Act How might you use the PARCC evidence statements to align your assessment practices?

16. How PARCC has been presenting Evidence-Centered Design (ECD) ECD is a deliberate and systematic approach to assessment development that will help to establish the validityof the assessments, increase the comparability of year-to year results, and increase efficiencies/reduce costs.

17. Overview of PARCC Mathematics Task Types For more information see PARCC Task Development ITN Appendix D.

18. Design of PARCC Math Summative Assessment • Performance Based Assessment (PBA) • Type I items (Machine-scorable) • Type II items (Mathematical Reasoning/Hand-Scored – scoring rubrics are drafted but PLD development will inform final rubrics) • Type III items (Mathematical Modeling/Hand-Scored and/or Machine-scored - scoring rubrics are drafted but PLD development will inform final rubrics) • End-of-Year Assessment (EOY) • Type I items only (All Machine-scorable)

19. Math: High School Type III Sample Item • This task is a Type III sample item assessing Mathematical Modeling • In Part a, students extend a sequence established by the context. This sequence sets up the parts of the task that follow.

20. Math: High School Type III Sample Item • In Part b, students create a recursive expression that can be used to model the sequence of growth; they then consider limitations on the domain to fit the context.

21. Math: High School Type III Sample Item • In Part c, students choose appropriate statements that could be used to model the situation. • The use of a multiple-answer, multiple-choice format allows insights into student thinking.

22. Math: High School Type III Sample Item • In Part d, students are required to use either the explicit or recursive model they constructed to answer a question about what number of weeks might have resulted in a particular number of cells.

23. ELA/Literacy Performance-Based Assessment

24. ELA/Literacy: Grade 7 Sample Item Part A: Highlight the claim that is supported by the most relevant and sufficient facts within “Earhart’s Final Resting Place Believed Found.” Part B: Click on two facts within the article that best provide evidence to support the claim selected in Part A.

25. Questions Worth Answering? Final Grade 7 Prose Constructed-Response Item #2 You have read three texts describing Amelia Earhart. All three include the claim that Earhart was a brave, courageous person. The three texts are: • “Biography of Amelia Earhart” • “Earhart's Final Resting Place Believed Found” • “Amelia Earhart’s Life and Disappearance” Consider the argument each author uses to demonstrate Earhart’s bravery. Write an essay that analyzes the strength of the arguments about Earhart’s bravery in at least two of the texts. Remember to use textual evidence to support your ideas.

26. Cognitive Complexity

27. PARCC Cognitive Complexity Framework • Blooms? • Webb’s DOK? • CCSS demand a new type of cognitive complexity framework. • PARCC developed a new cognitive complexity framework to more fully describe the multiple dimensions of the tasks. • New framework is based on multiple dimensions.

28. Factors that determine the Cognitive Complexity of PARCC Mathematics Items • Mathematical Content • Mathematical Practices • Stimulus Material • Response Mode • Processing Demand For further reading on the PARCC Cognitive Complexity Framework see, “ Proposed Sources of Cognitive Complexity in PARCC Items and Tasks: Mathematics “ Aug. 31, 2012

29. PARCC’s Cognitive Complexity Framework for ELA/Literacy The Cognitive Complexity Framework guides item development and recognizes that text complexity and item/task complexity interact to determine the overall complexity of a task. For the reading claim, the performance levels at each grade level are differentiated by three factors: (1) text complexity; (2) the range of accuracy in expressing reading comprehension demonstrated in student responses; and (3) the quality of evidence cited from sources read For the writing claim, PLDs are written for the two sub-claims: (1) written expression, and (2) knowledge of language and conventions

30. Performance Level Descriptors

31. Looking at the PLDs Gives the Conceptual Concept the PLD is based on Gives the PLD by performance level ranging from 2-5. Level 1 indicates a range from no work shown to Minimalcommand Gives the Sub-Claim that the PLD is written for (A-Major Content)

32. ELA Performance Level Descriptors for Reading (DRAFT)

33. What’s Next for PARCC? • Complete Phase 1 of item development (50% of item bank) by the end of this summer • Revise Accommodations Manual based on feedback • Summer research studies • Finalize PLDs based on public comments received • Release cognitive complexity framework this summer • Develop and release additional sample items this summer • Begin Phase 2 of item development • Conduct Field Testing in Spring 2014

34. PARCC: Aligning Assessment Practices Doug Sovde, Director PARCC Content and Instructional Supports dsovde@achieve.org @dougsovde