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Chapter 8 : Fossil Fuels

Chapter 8 : Fossil Fuels. Unit B: Understanding Common Energy Conversion Systems. 7.1 Nature’s Energy Conversion. Cells of green plants have special parts that capture solar energy and convert it into energy for the plants (food) These cells are called CHLOROPLASTS

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Chapter 8 : Fossil Fuels

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  1. Chapter 8: Fossil Fuels Unit B: Understanding Common Energy Conversion Systems

  2. 7.1 Nature’s Energy Conversion • Cells of green plants have special parts that capture solar energy and convert it into energy for the plants (food) • These cells are called CHLOROPLASTS • Chloroplasts also contain chlorophyll. • Chlorophyll assists in converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. • This process is know as photosynthesis • Equation: Sunlight + CO2 + H20  Glucose and O2

  3. 7.1 Nature’s Energy Conversion • Cellular respiration is how plants and animals obtain energy from food • Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria • Equation: Glucose + O2 energy + H20 + CO2 • Why is cellular respiration important?

  4. 7.1 Nature’s Energy Conversion • Two Energy Conversions • Input energy  converter  output energy • This equation shows the energy conversion in plants • Solar energy  chloroplasts in plant leaf  glucose • This equation shows the energy conversion in animals • Glucose  mitochondria  kinetic energy

  5. 7.1 Nature’s Energy Conversion • When any energy conversion happens, a certain amount of energy is lost. • Only about 10 percent of energy is passed from one level to the next

  6. 7.2 The Need for Energy • Homeostasis • No matter what is happening outside your body, your body will remain approximately 37 degrees Celsius. • How does your body remain around 37 degrees Celsius? • The rate at which your body uses energy is metabolism. • Someone who has a high metabolism has high energy needs

  7. 7.3 Sources of Energy • The main source of energy for humans are simple carbohydrates (glucose) • If we take in more glucose than necessary, it will be converted to glycogen • Glycogen is a starch-like substance that is stored in the liver and muscles • Carbohydrates are the most direct source of energy

  8. 7.3 Sources of Energy • Fats • 2 types of fats: Saturated and Unsaturated • Saturated fats come from animal fats and some oils • Increased risk of heart disease • Unsaturated fats come from healthier oils • Decreased risk of heart disease

  9. 7.3 Sources of Energy • One gram of protein contains the same energy as one grain of carbohydrate. • The difference is that it is more difficult for the body to break it down • Only 10% of our daily intake should be protein • Examples of protien: • However proteins are still extremely important, protiens are the building blocks of our physical body

  10. 7.4 Human Energy Needs Change • 4 things that affect our metabolism: • Age, time of day, exercise, level of fitness • Age: Younger people have higher metabolisms • Time of Day: Our metabolism peaks at 10:00am • Exercise: Activity raises metabolism • Level of fitness: Use a large amount of energy getting and keeping in shape

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