The Roaring 20’s

1. Period of time between 1920-1929, when life in American was improving for most. The Roaring 20’s

2. How was transportation improving? • Cars became more affordable due to the assembly line. • Henry Ford developed the assembly line - a system of chains, conveyor belts , and slides that moved parts from one worker to another. This is an example of lower-cost production.

3. A more affordable automobile also provided: • Greater mobility • More jobs • The ability to move to the suburbs and commute to work

4. The growth of transportation helped other industries: • Gas • Oil • Steel • Road construction.

5. Development of the Airplane • On December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the Wright Flyer became the first powered, heavier-than-air machine to achieve controlled, sustained flight with a pilot aboard. Created by Orville and Wilbur Wright.

6. What types of communication changes were taking place? • Increased availability of phones • Development of radio. • Guglielmo Marconi experimented with radio waves to create wireless communication • David Sarnoff helped develop the broadcast industry.

7. Entertainment • Development of movies • In 1928 there were 20,000 movie theatres across America • Nickelodeons were theatres where movies cost $.05 each • In 1928, Mickey Mouse was developed

8. Electrification • Labor-saving products (e.g., washing machines, electric stoves, water pumps)

9. Electrification • Electric lighting • Improved communication • Entertainment (e.g., radio)

10. Debate over Alcohol • Prohibition, which was still going on in the 1920’s, banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of Alcohol. • More than 500,000 people arrested for breaking the Prohibition law

11. Citizens blamed alcohol for society’s problems: • Family problems • Crime • Poverty • In 1919 they won their fight with the passage of the 18th Amendment. • Banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol. • In 1933 the 21st Amendment was passed, making alcohol legal again.

12. Bootleggers smuggled illegal alcohol in and promoted organized crime. • Speakeasies were secret illegal clubs that served alcoholic beverages

13. Georgia O’Keefe - An artist known for urban scenes and later, paintings of the Southwest. Art

14. F. Scott Fitzgerald-A novelist who wrote about the Jazz age of the 1920’s Literature

15. John Steinbeck - A novelist who portrayed the strength of poor migrant workers during the 1930’s Literature

16. Aaron Copland and George Gershwin -composers who wrote uniquely American music Music

17. The Great Migration North and West • Jobs for African Americans in the South were scarce and low paying. • African Americans faced discrimination and violence in the South. • African Americans moved to northern cities in search of better employment opportunities. • African Americans also faced discrimination and violence in the North.

18. TheHarlem Renaissance • Harlem - is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, long known as a major African American cultural and business center. • Renaissance - A revival of intellectual or artistic achievement and vigor

19. Harlem Renaissance • African American artists, writers, and musicians based in Harlem revealed the freshness and variety of African American culture

20. Jacob Lawrence - Painter who chronicled the experiences of the Great Migration North through art

21. Langston Hughes -Poet who combined the experiences of African and American cultural roots Literature

22. Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong - Jazz composers Bessie Smith - Blues singer Music