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Chap.18 Epilogue

Chap.18 Epilogue. 鄭先祐 生態主張者 Ayo 工作室. Epilogue. Natural history and ecological theory Quality of information The boundaries of ecological science Ecology and our environment. Natural history and ecological theory. 範例: in the tropical forest of Costa Rica.

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Chap.18 Epilogue

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  1. Chap.18 Epilogue 鄭先祐 生態主張者 Ayo工作室

  2. Epilogue • Natural history and ecological theory • Quality of information • The boundaries of ecological science • Ecology and our environment chap. 18 Epilogue

  3. Natural history and ecological theory • 範例:in the tropical forest of Costa Rica. • A brilliant red flower, Hamelia sp. • Its pollinator, hummingbird, Eugenes fulfens • tiny pollen-eating mites, Prectolaelaps sp. Colwell (1995)has spent the last 20 years working on this relationship. chap. 18 Epilogue

  4. Hummingbird, red flower, and mites • Co-evolution. Bird and flower • Inter-specific competition. Bird and mites • Mating systems. Mites have polygynous mating systems and defend harems of females. • Dispersal. Birds transfer pollen and mites. • Niche specialization. As many as five species of mites may be transported by the same individual bird. Each mites species has specialized on a particular species of flower. chap. 18 Epilogue

  5. Quality of information • The paradigm that competition structures all ecological communities was held as dogma 25 years ago. • Now we understand that that interpretation was not entirely correct. • 過去我們認為大部分的族群理應是at equilibrium most of the time. 因此我們以平衡的觀點研析族群的調控。 • 但是現在我們已經了解到平衡的觀念,不足以解釋所有的族群現象。 chap. 18 Epilogue

  6. Science of Ecology • Thomas Kuhn 的 paradigm shift • 現象,假說,驗證,學說,質疑,再驗證,再修正,新學說。 • I hope that you have questioned the validity of some of the studies discussed in this text. • If you have asked about the assumptions underlying a study, you’re on the right track. • If you have considered alternative interpretations of the data presented, you have gone farther still. • A healthy skepticism should be your goal. chap. 18 Epilogue

  7. The boundaries of Ecological science • The ecology is a science of interaction, it is most assuredly a science that is connected in important ways to all the rest of biology. • Devoted to the conceptual unification of the biological sciences. • The modern ecologist draws on all areas of the biological hierarchy -- from the molecular level to the ecosystem. chap. 18 Epilogue

  8. Ecology and our environment • Anthropogenic environmental problems are complex, and we will need sophisticated ecological insights to address them. • Many of the simpler problems have been solved, or at least we understand the scientific components of the solution.譬如:DDT的生物累積效應。 • But Many of the most pressing current environmental problems are very complex. 譬如說:biodiversity 的保育 chap. 18 Epilogue

  9. Conservation biology • Island biogeography theory and habitat fragmentation • Meta-population dynamics • The details of species-specific population regulation • Patterns of genetic variation and gene flow • Dispersal strategies and ability • Behavioral responses to ecological stress. chap. 18 Epilogue

  10. Basic and applied ecology • The distinction between basic and applied ecology has become blurred. • The ecology of our planet is now dominated by humans. • As a result, the very nature of scientific inquiry in ecology is forever altered. • 我們已經無法完全的排除人為的影響。 chap. 18 Epilogue

  11. Two challenges • This situation poses two challenges for the ecologists of the new century. • 1. We must continue to fine-tune our methods of analysis to account for the confounding effects of our activities and the loss of pristine systems. • 2. Ecologists must contribute to the maintenance and restoration of the environmental health of the planet. • 我們有責任保護生命的棲息地和生態體系,Our well-being and our science depend on it. chap. 18 Epilogue

  12. 問題與討論! ayo@faculty.pccu.edu.tw Ayo 文化站http://faculty.pccu.edu.tw/~ayo chap. 18 Epilogue

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