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Understanding C++ and Java: Key Similarities and Differences

This paper explores the similarities and differences between C++ and Java, two prominent programming languages. Both support object-oriented programming (OOP), with shared concepts and syntax influenced by C/C++. While C++ allows greater memory management flexibility, Java simplifies development with its robust runtime environment. The paper illustrates how each language handles data types, memory allocation, and object creation, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of both. Ideal for programmers aiming to deepen their knowledge of these languages.

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Understanding C++ and Java: Key Similarities and Differences

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  1. C++ vs. Java: Similiarities & Differences Dr. Jeyakesavan VeerasamyDirector of CS UTDesign program & CS Teaching Faculty jeyv@utdallas.eduUniversity of Texas at Dallas, USA

  2. History • C (1969)  C++ (1979)  Java (1995) • Both support OOP. Most OOP library contents are similar, however Java continues to grow. • Syntax is very close – Java has strong influence of C/C++. Easy to learn the other language when you know one of these.

  3. C++ compiler & Linker usage file1.cpp file2.cpp filen.cpp …. Compiler Compiler Compiler file1.o file2.o filen.o …. Linker This appliction runs directly on top of OS. C++ compiler does not care about filenames. application (executable)

  4. Java compiler usage file1.java file2.java filen.java …. Compiler Compiler Compiler file1.class file2.class filen.class …. Java Runtime Environment (JRE) Operating System

  5. C++ vs. Java: differences

  6. C++ vs. Java: differences …

  7. C++ vs. Java: differences …

  8. Types of memory used by executable task data (static) heap (dynamic) Code Stack

  9. Objects • Objects can be created as local variables just like any basic data types in C++. C++: ComplexType num1; Java: Nothing equivalent – Objects cannot be in stack.

  10. Objects in Heap C++: ComplexType *num1 = new ComplexType(…); Java: ComplexType num1 = new ComplexType(…);

  11. Arrays • Basic data types and classes are treated the same way in C++, unlike Java. C++: ComplexNumber numbers[5]; Java: nothing equivalent.

  12. C++ array version #2 ComplexNumber *numbers; numbers = new ComplexNumber[5]; Java: nothing equivalent for classes, but possible for basic data types: int numbers[]; numbers = new int[5];

  13. C++ array version #3 ComplexNumber **numbers; numbers = new ComplexNumber*[5]; for( index i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++) numbers[i] = new ComplexNumber(…); Java: ComplexNumber numbers[]; numbers = new ComplexNumber [5]; for( index i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++) numbers[i] = new ComplexNumber(…);

  14. C++ vs. Java: Analogy • Working with C++ is like flying a airpline, while working with Java is like driving a car. • What does it mean? • Too many controls/options in C++: think before use each one. • Careful use can result in efficiency, poor use can result in serious inefficiency • Issues like memory leak can crash the application, out-of-bounds array access can cause memory corruption – but it may not show up for long time – causing lot of headache! • Java : slow and steady wins the race?

  15. References • C++ tutorials: http://www.cplusplus.com/files/tutorial.pdf, http://www.learncpp.com/ • C++ reference: http://en.cppreference.com/w/ • Java tutorial: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/ • Java API documentation: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/

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