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Chapter Two

Chapter Two. Classical Civilization: China. Chinese Dynasty Song (Tune ---- Frère Jacques) Shang Zhou (“Joe”) Qin (“chin”) Han (Repeat) ( ------------------- 400 years of Disunity ------------------) Sui (“sway”) Tang Song (Repeat) Yuan ------ Mongol Ming

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Chapter Two

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  1. Chapter Two Classical Civilization: China

  2. Chinese Dynasty Song (Tune ---- Frère Jacques) Shang Zhou (“Joe”) Qin (“chin”) Han (Repeat) ( ------------------- 400 years of Disunity ------------------) Sui (“sway”) Tang Song (Repeat) Yuan ------ Mongol Ming Qing (“ching”) --------Manchu Republic -------- Republic of China (Repeat) Mao Zedong ---------People’s Republic of China / Communist China (Repeat)

  3. Shang Dynasty • First to construct tombs and palaces, unlike Huanghe civilization. • Invasions caused fall

  4. Zhou Dynasty • Allied with regional princes, no strong government • Could not control large agricultural areas (similar to India, Japan, Europe, and Africa). • Depended on regional kingdoms to be loyal • Feudalism • Expanded to Yangtze River Valley • Middle Kingdom • Mandate of Heaven • Sons of Heaven • Banned human sacrifice • Began standard Mandarin language

  5. Zhou Decline • Regional rulers not loyal • Era of the Warring States • Qin Shi Huangdi deposed last Zhou Ruler and named himself First Emperor

  6. Qin Dynasty • Founded by Qin Shi Huangdi • Brutal Ruler • Dismantled regional kingdoms • Expanded empire (Hong Kong, Vietnam) • Built the Great Wall • Built roads, canals, • Very unpopular for attacks on intellectuals, heavy taxes, and punishments. • His death sparked revolts, leading to the Han.

  7. http://content.mahalo.com/images/0/0e/Great_wall_china_100107_TNO.jpghttp://content.mahalo.com/images/0/0e/Great_wall_china_100107_TNO.jpg

  8. Han Dynasty • Retained centralized rule, but less brutal • More bureaucracy • Expansion (Korea, Indochina, central Asia) • Trade with India, Parthians, Romans • Confucianism rises • Contemporary with the Roman Empire • Begin to decline due to Hun invasion

  9. Lasting Influences • Large bureaucracy • Strong patriarchal society • Ancestor worship • Civil service examinations • Strong government and law systems that even invaders couldn’t overturn • Harmony with nature • The Five Classics (basis for exams) • Accurate calendar • Not much outside influence

  10. Society • Gaps between upper and lower classes • Three social groups • Landowners • Peasants • Mean people (without meaningful skills) • Merchants not valued • Tight family structure • hierarchical/deferential/patriarchal

  11. Other Social aspects of Classical China • Kung Fuzi—Confucius (ca. 551–478 B.C.E.) • respect for superiors • leaders must show moderation • rank based on intelligence, merit • Legalism • alternative to Confucianism • support authoritarian state • belief in evil nature of humankind • Daoism – “the way”; harmony; balance; avoid excess; yin & yang more religious • Laozi (5th century B.C.E.) • respect for forces of nature • ethical code Compare & Contrast Confucianism & Daoism

  12. China in the Shang and Zhou Eras

  13. China from the Later Zhou to the Han Era

  14. Thumbs Up/Down • Thumbs Up if: • The Han Dynasty was centralized. • The Han Dynasty was matriarchal. • The Han Dynasty created the Civil Service Examinations. • Merchants are valued in Chinese society.

  15. Potential Essay Questions • 1. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of classical Chinese society. • 2. Trace the rise of Confucianism. • 3. Identify the ways thatConfucian philosophy supported the political structure in China. • 4. Summarize why bureaucracy developed in classical China. • 5. In what ways did the three philosophical movements of classical China shape its civilization.

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