Incas: The engineers

1. Incas: The engineers By: Anna Nguyen, Chris Cote, Stephanie Funcasta, and Jen Gorgas

2. “The land of four corners” Geography • Cuzco used to be the capital of Peru. • The Incas conquered most of western South America. Their region had a higher and colder elevation; these conditions affect the Incan civilization there. They were geographically isolated from other civilizations. Time Period • The Incan empire first began to emerge in 1438 A.D. • In 1471 the Incan world came to their ‘peak’. • The Inca’s lasted for 94 years and officially fell in 1532.

3. Government • Sapa Inca – The Great Inca • Notable Sapa Inca’s include: • MancoCápac • Pachacuti • TúpacAmaru • Complex government system • Many workers functioned together to transfer information • Apus • Sapa Inca • Laws • Do Not Be Lazy • Do Not Lie • Do Not Steal • Do Not Kill • Do Not Commit Adultery

4. Economy Empire based on trade Taxes paid by crops, cattle, and labor force Gov. provided food, clothing, and medication

5. Writing Beliefs Stories Inti Myth of Lake Titicaca Mama Quilla Viracocha

6. Technology And architecture The Incas did have a calendar, which they used for holidays. They also made many significant inventions, like instruments. They had unique ways of building things, including different materials and different styles. They built many paved, steep roads.

7. Art The Incas used artifacts every day. Craftsmen had great skills in arts and crafts. Polytheism affected the arts because many of their artwork portrayed different gods. Pottery was one of their main forms of art. Designing and painting walls was interesting because they used mud. Feathers were the main decorations for things. Kings were in many of their pieces of art.

8. Rise and fall • Rise • MancoCápac • Founded the small city state and later capital of Cusco in approximately 1197. • Pachacuti • Started the great expansion of the Incan empire in 1438. • Fall • The Spaniards • Brought the fall of the greatest Empire in the America’s. Approx. 1532 • Spanish Conquistadors captured Sapa Inca Atahualpa. • Continued to fight the empire, eventually causing its demise.

9. contributions Inca gold and silver actually paid for the Renaissance… The Incas were “the Engineers.” • Art- poetry was passed down through different forms of art. • Pottery- Incan pottery is featured in museums. • Technology- farming methods can be credited to the Incas; they also contributed medicine discoveries and military strategies. • Architecture- Inca Pyramids are made from the dry straw of corn plant mixed with clay sculpted bricks.

10. resources Lost Civilization: The Inca Corrick, James A. Great Empires of the Past: Empire of the IncasSomervill, Barbara A. World Book Economy of the Inca Empire http://www.discover-peru.org/inca-economy-society/ The Inca Empire and its Origin http://www.discover-peru.org/incas-origin/ Inca Religion, A Religion of Many Gods http://www.discover-peru.org/inca-religion/ Important Facts about the Inca Empire http://archaeology.about.com/od/incaarchaeology/a/inca_empire_3.htm Top 20 Inca Facts http://www.visitperu.net/top-attractions/top-20-inca-facts.html Facts About the Incas http://www.peru-travel-confidential.com/the-incas.html Inca Art Forms http://www.discover-peru.org/inca-artforms/ Inca Art http://library.thinkquest.org/5058/incaart.htm Inca Art http://www.about-peru-history.com/inca-art.html