Technology trends, requirements and models for providing sustainable technological support for libraries in an evolving

1. Technology trends, requirements and models for providing sustainable technological support for libraries in an evolving environment Dr. Panagiotis Stathopoulos, Dr. N.Houssos, G.Stavrou IFLA satellite preconference 2010 Chania Presenter: Panagiotis Stathopoulos, Head, Systems and Networks Unit Information System Dept. National Documentation Center (ΕΚΤ/NHRF)

2. Overview • The Hellenic National Documentation Center • Libraries applications • Technology support requirements and IT systems lifecycle • Technology trendsand the library s/w ecosystem • Conclusions

3. The Hellenic National Documentation Centre (1/2) • National organisation: • for scientific documentation, online information and support services on research, science and technology • Target – making knowledge accessible to everyone • Part of the National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF)– Εθνικό Ίδρυμα Ερευνών (ΕΙΕ) • Open access advocate • www.openaccess.gr • NHRF signee of the Berlin declaration (2003) • www.openaire.eu, FP7 OA pilot national liaison office • Interdisciplinary approach • Digital library and Information Systems • In-house software development expertise • IT Infrastructure for the delivery of large volumes of digital content using state of the art tools (OSS, virtualisation, Monitor & Control Systems)

4. The Hellenic National Documentation Centre (2/2) • Repositories and catalogs • National Archive of PhD Theses, est. 1985, 14.000 items, 2.5M+ pages, phdtheses.ekt.gr, • Humanities and cultural content thematic repository, pandektis.ekt.gr • NHRF institutional repository (papers, technical reports, monographs), etc, helios-eie.ekt.gr, • The parthenon frieze, www.parthenonfrieze.gr • DSpace implementations and extensions (e.g., DSpace plugin for Europeana), included in DRIVER, Europeana • Six peer reviewed open access e-journals in the areas of humanities • Βυζαντινά Σύμμεικτα, www.byzsym.org, etc • Multilingual, i.e. Greek, English, French, (Russian, etc). • Custom peer review work flows • Current Research Information Systems (CRIS) • Active participants in the development of the CERIF standard • Coordinator of the Enerprise Europe Network Hellas for spreading innovation • Library automation software (ABEKT – 2.200 installations), • Union catalogs, argo.ekt.gr • Overall • ~50 public web sites, >1,2M visits/year • ~80 physical and virtual servers, TBs of data • Virtualised infrastructure, management, monitoring and control 100s of services

6. Applications for libraries • New and old: • Integrated Library Systems • Electronic Reading Rooms • Backoffice digitisation processes and tools • Metasearch engines • Institutional/subject repositories • E-Journals • CRIS • New applications and tools + emerging interoperability requirements (Europeana, DRIVER, OAI-MPH/ORE), will continue to emerge • Although not applicable for all libraries it indicates the IT burden for developing, maintaining and supporting these systems • Could become a bottleneck • Sustainability issues

7. Technological support requirements and lifecycle • Open source has being a disruptive force but: • look beyond the initial purchase and installation cost • IT systems lifecycle: • Initial design, development, customisation • Software maintenance and support, bug fixes, security fixes, new features requested • System administrators, Monitor and Control Loop • Hardware initial purchase cost, depreciation, maintenance and support • Datacenter/computer room infrastructure, • Lifecycle (although not costs) largely independent from closed/open source software. • Total Cost of Ownership for each system/service provided

8. Economies of scale • Reverse pyramid, some hints • Datacenters/Computer Rooms optimised for 100s to 1000s servers, with virtualisation even 10Ks. • Hardware maintenance: 1 person per 100s of servers • System administrators/Monitor and Control Loop: 1 person per 50 – 100 well run servers, depends on system heterogeneity • Software customisation: Some 0,5PM – 6PM for open source customisation projects • Design, migration planning and full roll out (apart from IT systems/applications) much harder • IT support and library • IT costs per application have fallen however new applications are needed to cope with new requirements • Technology support should not be a limiting factor for offering library services • Need to provide sustainable support and not limit each libraries development possibilities • What are the new options?

9. Technology trends (1/3) • Virtualisation • Mature technology, allows multiple virtual machines to run over the same h/w. • No actual performance penalty, completely uncouples the service from specific h/w • Enchances flexibility, could lower costs, however needs higher level of technical competence and skills • Cloud computing • The new “hot” (buzz?) term • Disruptive in some areas, has been around for years in some other forms • Hosted services, Application Service Providers

10. Technology trends (2/3) • Infrastructure/Platform as a Service (IaaS, PaaS) • Computing resources, storage over the “cloud” • Dispense hardware fixed and basic sysadmin costs • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, Simple Storage Service and the Rackspace Cloud, etc • Cost models based on CPU use, disk space, etc. • Cost modelling? • applications management/monitoring depend on the end organisation

11. Technology trends (3/3) • Software as a Service (SaaS) • Complete solution, outsource a system • hardware / software maintenance • Monitor and Control, management • can resemble hosted services but usually with a lesser degree of customisation • Examples: docs.google.com, Microsoft Live, Adobe Connect • Promise for cost reduction (?) • Issues for cloud computing • Cost and flexibility VS control • Migration paths to different systems, “cloud lock-in”, • Interoperable APIs, • Security (?) • Long term cost and availability • Transparency issues, closed and open source

12. Developments in library related s/w • SaaS for ILS, closed and open source: • SirsiDynix, VTLS, etc • Koha and Evergreen offered with SaaS option (Liblime/Equinox) • Significant uptake • Repositories: • Duraspace (DSpace + Fedora) • New DSpace to offer operation also over the “cloud” • Introduction of Service Providers notion • Already available as Hosted Service by various providers • Possible worries: altering the character of OSS development model and targets • “Enterprise Koha Prompts Frank Conversations on Open Source” libraryjournal.com • Possible “conflict of interest?”

13. Libraries and the cloud • PaaS/IaaS/SaaS could cut costs on some libraries • Could also give an immediate, easy way to offer new innovative services • It depends on: • library size, expertise and intendedfocus/strengths • Tool to focus to the libraries core functions and targets • Not “a size fits all” or a solution with a generic applicability. • Depends on the library profile, and the accumulated experience • Should consider if facing IT support issues or feeling that IT capabilities is limiting their potentials • However, cons: • General cloud computing issues • Library related issues

14. Prerequisites for successful adoption of Cloud technologies in the libraries • Ensuring data portability and preservation both in IaaS/PaaS and in SaaS solutions. • Invest if a readily available open source alternatives, exist, avoid lockin. Ensures portability of not only metadata/content but of the full platform. • Built on the capability to monitor and manage the Service Level Agreements the service provider and the library have agreed. • Trust issue, long term sustainability and preservation: • Library consortia and alliances can form or participate in SaaS and Cloud Computing technologies as an enabler for achieving economies of scale or enforce the aforementioned. • Where libraries stand: • Cloud/SaaS infrastructures can assist libraries to better manage their costs • Since library IT systems are thoroughly being built around standards and migration strategies, and open source solutions exist, could be a viable solution for some institutions

15. ABEKT developments • ABEKT , 2200 installations, large local user base on small and medium libraries. • An enabling tool • New edition under initial design • Available as open source • Based on modern web interfaces • Modern development technologies, languages, frameworks • Wide support of standarws, (MARC21, UNIMARC, MODS, DC),authority databases, etc. • Capability to operate in standalone mode (exactly like today + operation over Linux) but also capability to operate over a cloud infrastructure/or using a SaaS model. • Under initial internal design, • an intermediate version to replace ABEKT 4.0 for older setups will become available sooner

16. Concluding remarks • Libraries have new applications and requirements to fulfill • Rising IT suport costs and new tools • IT can be a limiting factor • According to each library conditions/status IaaS/PaaS/SaaS could be a solution • No generic solution, should not be feared, gives opportunities • Key prerequisites should be met, standards, (proven) portability, preferably open source option

17. Ευχαριστώ! Thank you!