Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 59 Topic: 12.5: Middle Ear Essential Questions :

1. 12.5: Middle Ear 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 59 Topic: 12.5: Middle Ear Essential Questions: • Color code notes and Picture Bubble Map Figure 12.9 • Tympanic cavity • Malleus • Incus • Stapes • Auditory Tube • Oval window • Want EXTRA CREDIT??? • Report Card Night • Tomorrow 5:30-8pm • Visit IB Art Show @ Mall • Sign in • Little Mermaid in Little Theatre • Wed 6pm/Fri 6pm/ • Sat 2pm • Take a pic or ticket stub

2. Our Amazing Hearing (4m32s)

3. Middle Ear

4. Tympanic cavity air-filled space in temporal bone

5. Middle Ear • Auditory ossicles • 3 small bones that vibrate in response to ear drum • Transmit vibrations between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear • 1. Tympanic membrane vibrates the malleus • 2. Malleus (hammer) vibrates the incus • 3. Incus (anvil) vibrates the stapes • 4. Stapes (stirrup) vibrates against the oval window • 5. oval window moves fluids in inner ear which stimulate the hearing receptors Malleus Stapes Incus

6. How the Ear Works (3m25s) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgdqp-oPb1Q

7. Middle Ear • Tympanic reflex • Elicited in about 1/10 of a second following a loud external sound • 2 small skeletal muscles contract, reducing the effectiveness in transmitting vibrations to the inner ear • Reduces pressure from loud sounds that might otherwise damage the hearing receptors • BUT, it cannot protect hearing receptors from loud sounds which occur rapidly • Ex: explosion, gun shot

8. Auditory Tube • Auditory Tubeaka Eustachian Tube • connects middle ear to throat • Allows air to pass between the tympanic cavity and the outside of the body by way of the throat and mouth • helps maintain equal pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane • Necessary for normal hearing • usually closed by valve-like flaps in throat

10. Auditory Tube • Noticeable during rapid change in altitude • Ex: High to low altitude • Air pressure on outside of tympanic membrane increases • Tympanic membrane is pushed inward, impairing hearing • Air will force its way up into the middle ear • This equalizes the pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane, moving it back into its rightful position • Causes a “popping” sound • Swallowing, yawning, or chewing aid in the opening of the valves and can hasten equalization of air pressure

11. Create Picture Bubble Map • Color code to match notes Pg. 58

12. 12.5: Middle Ear Infections 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 61 Topic: 12.5: Middle Ear Infections Essential Questions: • What is the major cause of middle ear infections? • What are some complications of ear infections? • Want EXTRA CREDIT??? • Report Card Night • Tonight 5:30-8pm • Visit IB Art Show @ Mall • Sign in • Little Mermaid in Little Theatre • Fri 6pm/Sat 2pm • Take a pic or ticket stub

13. Otitis Media “Ear Infection” • Otitis Media aka “Middle ear infection” • Fluid builds up in middle ear • Breeding ground for bacteria, which causes infection • How? The mucous membranes that line the auditory tubes connect with the linings of the middle ear which creates a conduit for bacteria infecting the throat or nasal passages • Greater in young children • Usually treated with antibiotics

14. Pg. 61 Otitis Media SymptomsCausesConsequencesTreatment Pictures Pictures Pictures Pictures

15. Symptoms • Ear Infection Symptoms • The main warning sign of infection is sharp ear pain. • You may be especially uncomfortable lying down, so you might have a hard time sleeping. Other problems to look for: • Trouble hearing • Fever • Fluid oozing from ears • Dizziness • Stuffy nose

16. Fluid in the Ear • If the Eustachian (auditory) tube gets blocked, fluid builds up inside middle ear. • This makes the perfect breeding ground for bacteria and viruses, which can cause infections. • Your doctor will look inside your ear with an otoscope, which can blow a puff of air to make his eardrum vibrate. If the eardrum doesn’t vibrate as much as it should, chances are there’s fluid inside. Causes

17. Possible Consequences • 1. Bursting an Eardrum • If too much fluid or pressure builds up inside your middle ear, the eardrum can actually burst (shown here). • If that happens, you may see yellow, brown, or white fluid draining from the ear. • Although this sounds scary, the eardrum usually heals itself in a couple of weeks. • Unless it happens a lot, your hearing should be fine. The good news is that the pain may suddenly disappear because the hole lets the pressure go

18. 2. Hearing Loss • If ear infections keep coming back, they can scar his eardrums and lead to hearing loss, speech problems, or even meningitis. • If a person suffers from infections often, they might want to have their hearing tested just in case.

19. Treatment Options • Antibiotics • using antibiotics both topical and oral can provide you relief from earache by fighting the infection, as they stop swelling and itching of the ear.

20. Treatment Options • 2. Myringotomy- An incision is made in the tympanic membrane • Tympanostomy tubes aka “ear tubes” are Inserted into affected ears during surgery • Form a small tunnel so ears can drain • Tubes usually fall out on their own • Hopefully the child has outgrown the susceptibility to ear infections *This is only used in cases of chronic ear infections

21. Tympanostomy Tubes 1m 34s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFLRR1j9Ps4

22. Tonsils Can Be the Cause • Sometimes a child’s tonsils get so swollen that they put pressure on the Eustachian tubes connecting her middle ear to her throat -- which then causes infections. • If that keeps happening, the tonsils may have to be taken out

23. Use the video and the “All About Ear Infections” reading to add to your Otitis Media Tree-Map • DON’T forget to add pictures! • I want a FULL Tree-Map

24. Otitis Media Video4m30s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBobShigoFk