Pick up an Interactive Notebook packet and answer the “Processing” questions (#1-3)

1. Pick up an Interactive Notebook packet and answer the “Processing” questions (#1-3)

2. Confronting the Issue of Slavery Chapter 21 Section 2

3. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 • Process for forming new states • Unspoken agreement to keep free states and free states equal

5. Questions About Missouri • Northerners questioned whether Missouri should be slave or free • Allowing Missouri to be entered as a slave state would open slavery to the Louisiana Territory and beyond • A northerner’s nightmare

6. The Tallmadge Amendment • Rep. James Tallmadge suggested that Missouri could only be entered as free • Sparked debate on states’ rights and slavery

7. A Deadlocked Congress • North had more representatives in the House • Equal in the Senate • Southern senators able to block anti-slave laws • Missouri would change that

8. A Deadlocked Congress (continued) • Tallmadge Amendment awakened strong anti-slavery feelings • Anti-Slavery petitions sent to Congress • House approved Tallmadge Amendment • Defeated in Senate

9. The Missouri compromise Chapter 21 Section 3

10. The Missouri Compromise • Congress returned to the debate in 1820 • Maine was trying to achieve statehood as a free state • Southerners threatening secession and civil war

11. A Compromise is Reached • Compromise crafted by Rep. Henry Clay • Admitted Missouri as slave and Maine as free • Drew a line through the Louisiana Territory • North of the line = Future free states • South of the line = Future slave states

13. Reactions to the Compromise • Unpopular decision • Northerners viewed it as the easy way out • Southerners disliked the ban on slavery in future western states

14. The Missouri Compromise Unravels Chapter 21 Section 4

15. The “Gag Rule” • Abolitionist movement flooded Congress with petitions • Abolitionists wanted Congress to question slavery in the District of Columbia • Congress decided to set aside all anti-slavery petitions and “gag” all debate on the issue

16. The “Gag Rule” (continued) • John Quincy Adams proposed that no one could be born into slavery after 1845 • Congress refused his proposal

17. Southern Fears • Nat Turner’s rebellion created fear in the south • Created stricter laws on transport of slaves • Reward for arresting abolitionists

18. Fugitive Slaves

19. Slavery in the Territories • Gag rule delayed the slavery debate for 10 years • Wilmot Proviso added to a bill requesting funds for Mexican-American War • “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist” in the territory acquired from Mexico

20. Slavery in the Territories (continued) • Southerners opposed the Wilmot Proviso • Passed in the House • Rejected in Senate

21. Statehood for California • Southerners proposed extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific • Rejected by Northerners • Applied for statehood in 1849 as a free state

22. Statehood for California (continued) • California would upset the balance between slave and free states • Deadlocked Congress once again • South continued threats of secession

23. The compromise of 1850 Chapter 21 Section 5

24. Something for Everyone • Henry Clay’s plan • Admitted California • Allowed N. Mexico and Utah to decide on slavery • Ended slavery in D.C.

25. Something for Everyone (continued) • Called for passing a strong fugitive slave act • Made it easier to find and reclaim runaway slaves

26. The Compromise is Accepted • Congress debated Clay’s compromise for 9 months • Accepted in 1850 after heated discussion and threats of civil war

27. The Compromise of 1850 Fails Chapter 21 Section 6

29. The Fugitive Slave Act • Southerners did not do enough to ensure the success of the act • Northerners did not want to enforce the act • Denied all rights of captured slaves

30. The Fugitive Slave Act (continued) • Jailed people who helped escaped slaves • Northerners ridiculed slave catchers • Almost impossible to catch slaves in the north

31. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe • First published as short stories in an abolitionist newspaper • Published in 1852 as a full novel

32. The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act • Ostend Manifesto was a message sent from three American diplomats to the Secretary of State • President Pierce was trying to purchase Cuba • The message called for the seizure of Cuba by force • Northerners believed Cuba was going to be a slave state

33. The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act (continued) • Wanted to build a railroad to California • Believed the project would happen if the Great Plains was organized into states

34. The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act (continued) • Kansas and Nebraska Act • Created two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska (obviously) • Abolished the Missouri Compromise and allowed citizens of a territory to vote to allow slavery

36. Bloodshed in Kansas • Most new settlers were peaceful farmers • Others came to support or oppose slavery • Two separate governments created

37. Bloodshed in Kansas (continued) • On May 21, 1856, pro-slavery activists burned hotels, looted homes, destroyed printing presses • In response, John Brown and his sons killed five slave supporters with swords

39. Violence in Congress • Senator Charles Sumner suspected Stephen Douglass had tried to make Kansas a slave state • Sumner described the “crimes against Kansas” as being in favor of slavery

40. Violence in Congress (continued) • Sumner verbally attacked Senator Butler on his pro-slavery stance • Preston Brooks, Butler’s nephew beat Sumner with a metal tipped cane on the senate floor

41. Violence in Congress (continued) • Took Sumner over 3 years to recover • Southerners applauded Brooks • Sent him replacement canes

42. The Dred Scott Decision Chapter 21 Section 7

43. The Dred Scott Decision • Dred Scott was a slave who traveled to Wisconsin with his master • Slavery was banned in Wisconsin • Scott claimed that his stay in Wisconsin made him free

44. Questions of the Case • 9 Supreme Court Justices total • 5 from the south • 4 from the north • Was Dred Scott a citizen? • Did his time in Wisconsin make him a free man?

45. Two Judicial Bombshells • Scott could not sue for his freedom because he was not a citizen • No African American could ever become a citizen • The Missouri compromise was unconstitutional

46. Two Judicial Bombshells • The Dred Scott decision opened slavery to all territories • Protected “property rights” of slave owners • Outraged Northerners

48. From Compromise To conflict Chapter 21 Section 8

49. From Compromise to Crisis • Republican Party forms with anti-slavery beliefs • Abraham Lincoln nominated to run for Senate as a Republican

50. The Lincoln-Douglass Debates • Stephen Douglass believed in half free, half slave • Lincoln believed slavery was a moral issue • Lincoln lost the election but turned into a national figure