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Global temperature control

Global temperature control. Leila M. V. Carvalho. Latitude. Note that in this representation Annual incoming radiation depends on the latitude whereas the annual outgoing radiation doesn’t – how to explain the apparent paradox?.

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Global temperature control

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  1. Global temperature control Leila M. V. Carvalho

  2. Latitude Note that in this representation Annual incoming radiation depends on the latitude whereas the annual outgoing radiation doesn’t – how to explain the apparent paradox?

  3. NOAA Radiation Budget monthly mean (December 2010) (W/m2): Tropical regions get more shortwave radiation than extratropical regions (high latitudes) Absorbed solar radiation is the difference between the incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere and the outgoing reflected flux at the top of the atmosphere

  4. Annual mean Outgoing Longwave Radiation Measured by satellite: in fact, less OLR is emitted in high latitudes: cold emits less

  5. Consequences… • Net radiation budgets vary with latitude • Variations in sun angle and day length • Positive in the tropics, negative in polar regions • Particularly strong gradient in winter • Temperature variations with latitude

  6. TEMPERATURE AT THE SURFACE JULY JANUARY JULY JULY

  7. OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION (OLR) JANUARY JULY

  8. Latitudinal variation of monthly mean temperature

  9. Continental vs Maritime • Land surfaces heat and cool faster than oceans • Seasonal temperature variations smaller near oceans

  10. Daily temperature ranges also smaller near oceans • Large seasonal and daily variations mean high summer temperatures in interior Quiz: which one is Half Moon Bay and Which one is Bishop (interior)?

  11. The importance of the ocean currents

  12. West Coast vs East Coast • Ocean currents Subtropics and mid-latitude • Cold equatorward flowing currents along west coasts • Warm poleward flowing currents along east coasts • Warm poleward flowing currents along west coasts in high latitudes • Prevailing mid-latitude westerly winds bring maritime influences to west coasts, continental influences to east coasts

  13. Quiz for fun 1) Here we see two curves of temperature, one for Eureka (North SF) and other for Atlantic City, NJ. Which one is Eureka?

  14. Quiz for fun 2) Here we see two curves of temperature, one Santa Barbara and other for Charleston, SC. Which one is Santa Barbara?

  15. Local Temperature Controls What would be the main local temperature controllers of our Area and why?

  16. Topography and Elevation: Topography and Elevation: Thinner atmosphere at high elevations absorbs less outgoing longwave radiation: less density of greenhouse gases Average temperature decrease of about 6.5oC/km up to 10oC/km in very dry regions. Why the rate is higher in dry regions???

  17. During the night… High elevations cool faster because the thinner atmosphere at high elevations absorbs less outgoing longwave radiation

  18. In Summary

  19. Slope and aspect produce small-scale variations in solar radiation

  20. Slope and aspect produce small-scale variations in solar radiation Often reflected in vegetation patterns South-facing slope in Big Sur with chaparral

  21. North-facing slope in Big Sur with forest cover

  22. Quiz for fun You moved to Sydney, Australia (34S, 151 E) and want to buy a nice house. You would like to buy a house such that the front of the house gets sun during most of the day. What direction should your house face? (North, South, East or West) and why?

  23. That is the sun’s path in midlatitudes in the NH How would it be in the Southern Hemisphere??

  24. Landcover Forest cover moderates daily temperature variations

  25. Deforestation changes the diurnal cycle of temperature Deforested regions heats more than forested regions during the day (the opposite during the night) generating local circulations (from the cold to the hot) and playing a role for the formation of cumulus clouds (convection) Rondonia, Amaz, Brazil

  26. Urban heat island effects mean warmer temperatures, especially at night Concrete of the buildings and asphalt absorb more incoming radiation during the day. During the night this heat is emitted as infrared radiation. Urbanized areas are warmer during the night, compared with the less urbanized surrounding area.

  27. Global Temperature Patterns

  28. Seasonal ranges

  29. In conclusion… What does control temperature? • Latitude • Elevation (topography) and slope • Land cover (vegetation, urbanization) • Continentality (proximity to the ocean) • Ocean currents • Others??

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