Adaptation National Case Studies Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia,

1. Adaptation National Case StudiesMozambique, Tanzania and Zambia, Abdalla Said Shah IUCN ESARO Presented at World Conservation Congress Conservation Campus, Jeju Republic of Korea 7thSeptember 2012

2. Presentation Structure - Introduction - Issues and Needs - Gaps - Comparative Capabilities on Policy and Law - Recommendations

3. Introduction The project aimed at improving coherence and resilience in planning and implementation of natural resource and biodiversity-related climate adaptation, by enhancing integration of law and policy work via capacity building. This included understanding issues and needs, gaps and recommending ways to improvement.

4. Issues and Needs Climate Change is a relatively new issue. Thus scientific expertise and administrative capacity needed to formulate and implement adaptation policies and laws are weak.Thus there is no stand-alone climate change policy and / or law. Existing Policies and Laws that Biodiversity and Natural Resources are not designed to facilitate climate change adaptation and mitigation, but they can be adapted to provide the situation, through reviews and adjustments. The climate change issues are not mainstreamed into the national development planning process such as the NSGRP, sector and local government plans. The intentions to improve this situation are set in the national climate change strategy.

5. Gaps Funds for formulating and implementing adaptation policies and strategies are limited and so makes these process slow and constrained. The Environmental Management Act 2004, while laying out admirable principles that can support adaptation initiatives, but there are challenges of capacity to enforce the provisions of the Act. (Tanz) Lack of coordination among agencies leads to conflicting approaches and activities, which can results in ineffective adaptation strategies. (TZ, Zam) The policy and legal framework is inadequate to respond to the requirements for climate change adaptation. (Zam) . There is still inadequate capacity and understanding of climate change in almost within government institutions as well as Civil society and Private Sector Organisations. (TZ, Moz, Zam)

6. Country Comparative Capabilities and Challenges in Implementation of MEA /Policies/Legislations

7. Recommendations The report recommends that courts invoke environmental principles under EMA 2004, particularly the precautionary principle, as an interpretive device on climate change adaptation cases. Existing policies and strategies for biodiversity and natural resources management be reformed, to provide guidance and strategies for climate change adaptation. Invest in expert knowledge, use practical experience to generate lessons, and acquire technical equipment for climate change monitoring and direct adaptation. The process of reviewing policy and legal framework so as to incorporate climate change issues have started in the region. These should be meaningfully supported.

8. Recommendations The support should include Climate Change Response Strategy development process so that it recognises and incorporates ecosystem based adaptation options as principal adaptation strategies. Assist with the development of a policy and legal framework that will facilitate adaptation to climate change. Consider incorporation of Climate Change Response in national and district development plans and planning processes. Support the implementation of the policies and enforcement of the law at least on pilot basis.