Topic 3054 Vaccinations: What are they ? How do we give them?

1. Topic 3054 Vaccinations: What are they ?How do we give them?

2. Vaccinations • A vaccination is injection of some agent into an animal • Disease resistance • Stimulates an animal’s own immune system into action

3. Living Viruses • Stimulate antibody production • Living (unmodified) viruses are actual living when administered • If dangerous virus, administered with “antiserum” • Living viruses confer and effective and lasting immunity

4. Killed and Inactive Viruses • Administered to susceptible animal • Stimulate active immunity in animal • Response usually strong • Repeat every 12 months

5. Modified Viruses (MLV) • Contains live viruses • Changed to not cause disease, stimulate antibody • Collected from unnatural host other than host animal • Effective and long lasting immunity

6. Bacterin and Toxoids • Made of killed preparation • Will not cause disease or spread • Lower power to confer immunity • Inactivated, altered toxins • Long lasting protection against tetanus and enterotoxemia

7. Antisera • Includes antotoxins • Blood serums containing antibodies • Injected into unprotected animals • Stimulating antibody formation • Creates “passive” antibodies • Short lived

8. Administering Agents • Read labels carefully • Use medication on correct animals and side effects • Be aware of brand names vs generic names • Use proper amount of medication • Storage instructions and check expiration date

9. Methods of application • Sprays and dust • Inhalation • By mouth (oral) • Drinking water • Absorption • Injection

10. Methods of Injections • Intramuscular (IM) -Most commonly used • Subcutaneous (Sub-Q) -Directly under the skin • Intradermal (ID) -Between layers of skin • Intravenous (IV) -Directly into the blood vessel