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HISTORY 3040 CANADA AND THE WORLD. 20 th Century Canada-U.S. Relations. Dr. Curtis Cole Trent University in Oshawa. March 22, 2009. 20 th Century Canada-U.S. Relations. Robert Borden Prime Minister, 1911-1920 Defeated Reciprocity, 1911. Herbert Hoover U.S. President, 1929-33.
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HISTORY 3040 CANADA AND THE WORLD 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations Dr. Curtis Cole Trent University in Oshawa March 22, 2009
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations Robert Borden Prime Minister, 1911-1920 Defeated Reciprocity, 1911
Herbert Hoover U.S. President, 1929-33 R.B. Bennett Canadian Prime Minister, 1930-35 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • The Depression • Protectionism • U.S. Hawley-Smoot tariff, 1930 • High Canadian Tariff
Mackenzie King and Roosevelt 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • World War Two • Hyde Park Declaration, 1941
In wartime we [shared], under the Hyde Park Agreement, the things needed to keep the production of both countries at the highest level. It worked, and made no small contribution to victory. If this . . . was good in war—good for both countries and good for our allies—why should we not with profit continue the same principle . . . indefinitely? Hume Wrong, 1948 Hume Wrong Canadian Ambassador to the United States 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • Hyde Park Declaration, 1941 • Canada: “the 49th state”?
Hume Wrong Canadian Ambassador to the United States 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • Hyde Park Declaration, 1941 • Canada: “the 49th state”? In wartime we [shared], under the Hyde Park Agreement, the things needed to keep the production of both countries at the highest level. It worked, and made no small contribution to victory. If this . . . was good in war—good for both countries and good for our allies—why should we not with profit continue the same principle . . . indefinitely? Hume Wrong, 1948 • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 1948
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • W.M.L. Mackenzie King • Liberal Leader 1927-1938 • Prime Minister 1921-1926, 1926-1930, 1935-1948 • Rejected Free Trade with U.S. in 1948 • Retired Nov., 1948
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • Louis St. Laurent • MP 1941 • Minister of Justice • Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1946 • Prime Minister, 1948
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • Lester B. Pearson • Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1948 • Ambassador to the U.S., 1945-46 • Deputy Minister, 1946-48
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • Lester B. Pearson • Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1948 • Ambassador to the U.S., 1945-46 • Deputy Minister, 1946-48 • NATO, 1949 • NORAD, 1958 • St. Lawrence Seaway, 1959
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • Massey Report, 1948 • Vincent Massey • Governor-General, 1952-59
Diefenbaker and Kennedy, 1961 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • John Diefenbaker • Prime Minister, 1957-63
Diefenbaker and Kennedy, 1961 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • Foreign ownership • U.S. proportion of foreign ownership in Canada: 1900: 13.6% 1950: 75.5% • oil and gas: 60% • mining: 50% • manufacturing: 50% • auto industry: 100%
Donald Fleming Minister of Finance, 1957-62 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • Foreign ownership • U.S. proportion of foreign ownership in Canada: 1900: 13.6% 1950: 75.5% • oil and gas: 60% • mining: 50% • manufacturing: 50% • auto industry: 100% James Coyne Governor, Bank of Canada, 1955-61
Livingston Merchant 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • John Diefenbaker • Defense Policy • NORAD
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations Kennedy and Diefenbaker, Ottawa 1961
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations Lester B. Pearson, Prime Minister 1963-1968
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations Pearson and Johnson, 1967
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations Nixon and Trudeau, 1972
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations Mulroney and Reagan, 1985
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • Mel Watkins • Waffle movement of the N.D.P. • David Lewis - N.D.P. Leader 1971 • James Laxer
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • Herb Gray - Min. of Natl. Revenue • Task Force on Foreign Ownership, 1971 • Canada Development Corp. 1971 • Foreign Investment Review Agency 1974 Pierre Trudeau Prime Minister, 1968-79, 80-84
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • Crown Corporations • Canadair, 1976 • De Haviland, 1974 • Petro Canada, 1975 • National Energy Program, 1980 Pierre Trudeau Prime Minister, 1968-79, 80-84
20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations • FTA 1989 • NAFTA 1994 Brian Mulroney Prime Minister, 1984-1993
HISTORY 3040 CANADA AND THE WORLD NEXT WEEK The Modern Era: Part Two Reading: Bothwell, 332-393