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English Colonies

English Colonies. French & Indian War. Albany Plan of Union (Ben Franklin) Military cooperation of colonies Raise $ (Taxes) Raise Militia Failed Colonies too independent. William Pitt Takes Charge After Capture of Fort William Henry Raise taxes Increase military Choose “good” men

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English Colonies

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  1. English Colonies

  2. French & Indian War Albany Plan of Union (Ben Franklin) Military cooperation of colonies Raise $ (Taxes) Raise Militia Failed Colonies too independent

  3. William Pitt Takes Charge After Capture of Fort William Henry • Raise taxes • Increase military • Choose “good” men • Good strategist

  4. Treaty of Paris (1763) • Britain Doubles Empire • Canada (New France) • Ohio Valley • French lands east of Mississippi River • France • Keep New Orleans, Caribbean Islands • Spain • Keep Louisiana Territory • Given them by the French for military aid. • Gave Florida to British

  5. New Colonial Policy • New Problems • War debt • Defense of new territory • How to govern new territory

  6. Tax Colonies to Pay Debt? • War benefited who? • Britain • Protect trade • Provide protection • Colonies • Supply resources • Purchase goods

  7. Defending Ohio Valley • Pontiac’s Rebellion • Ottawa chief • Attacked forts • Cost in $ and lives • Proclamation of 1763 • Stop further settlement • Anger colonists

  8. Change Colonial Policy – Prime Minister George Grenville Colonial Acts

  9. Navigation Act (1651) • Four Provisions • Only use English ships • Products must be sold only to England • Imports from other countries must pass through English ports • Tax on goods not shipped to England • “Healthy Neglect”

  10. Sugar Act (1764) • Force payment of tax on molasses • Customs collectors • “Snoops & Spies” • Search ships, warehouses • No warning

  11. Quartering Act (1765) • Pay for soldiers room & board

  12. Stamp Act (1765) • Direct tax on “everyday” goods • Playing cards, newspapers, legal documents • Colonists respond • “no taxation without representation” • Protest • Sons of Liberty • March in the streets • Ministers give sermons • Boycott – refuse to purchase goods

  13. Stamp Act Congress • Delegates from 9 colonies • Declaration to King • Loyal, but law is unjust. • Declaratory Act • Britain repeals the Stamp Act

  14. Townshend Act (1767) • Tax on paint, lead, tea, paper • Made in Britain • Tax used to pay British officials in colonies • Sons of Liberty protest • Sign petitions • Women boycott tea, cloth • Spinning Clubs • Homespun cloth worn as a symbol of protest

  15. Writs of Assistance • Enter any place to search for smuggled goods • Smuggle goods to avoid taxes

  16. Search for Solutions • Want to stay loyal • Samuel Adams leads protest • Send letters “respect colonial rights” • Letters published in newspapers • Political cartoons

  17. Boston Massacre – March 5, 1770 • Britain stationed to keep order • Marching drills • Mocked by the crowds • Surrounded by angry crowd • Pelted with snowballs • Someone shouted “fire”

  18. Five colonists killed • Crispus Attucks was first to fall • Britain repeals Townshend Act • Keep tax on tea

  19. Committees of Correspondence (1772) • Formed by Samuel Adams • Report political events • Spread from Massachusetts to all the colonies • A sign of unity & cooperation

  20. Tea Act (1773) • British East India Company (BEIC) • $ troubles due to boycotts • Warehouse full, can’t sell • Tea Act says BEIC can sell direct to colonists w/out import tax

  21. Colonists Upset • Why? • BEIC can offer the lowest price • Monopoly • Drive out the competition • Members of British Parliament own BEIC stock – get rich!

  22. Boston Tea Party • Ship arrives w/342 chests of tea • Colonists want to refuse entrance • Gov. Hutchinson orders British patrol boats to aim cannons at Boston shore • “Indians” boarded ships and dumped the tea overboard!

  23. Coercive Acts (1774) – Intolerable Acts • Punish for “Tea Party” • Closed Boston ports • Blockade until tea is paid for • Banned “committees of correspondence • House troops wherever necessary • British officials charged w/crime>tried in Britain

  24. First Continental Congress – September 1774 – Philadelphia • Every colony represented except Georgia

  25. Declaration of Rights • Oppose Intolerable Acts by force if needed • Arm and train militia • Boycott trade with Britian • No taxation w/out representation • Loyal to King George III • Meet again May 1775

  26. King replies • Mass. in “state of rebellion” • British troops sent to Mass. • Orders in Spring 1775 • Troops to go to Lexington to arrest John Hancock and Samuel Adams • Then to Concord to seize ammunition stores

  27. Paul Revere & William Dawes spread the news

  28. Lexington & Concord–April 19, 1775 • Militia ready when British arrive at Lexington • “Shot heard ‘round the world” • No one knows who fired first • 8 colonists killed

  29. Marched on to Concord & destroyed military supplies • Greeted by 4000 militia • British lost 234 men • Colonist lost 95

  30. Second Continental Congress – May 1775 • All colonies represented • Appoint commander • Raise army • “Olive Branch” • Want to stay loyal • Remove Intolerable Acts & troops

  31. Making a Choice • “Common Sense” by Thomas Paine – January 1776) • Independence • King is a tyrant • Helped persuade colonist to fight!

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