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CHAPTER 15

CHAPTER 15. ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL. Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Polio Good speaker Calm Persuasive Elected Nov. 1932 The New Deal Inaugurated Mar. 1933 20 th Amendment. 100 DAYS. First 100 days of a president’s term

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CHAPTER 15

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  1. CHAPTER 15 ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL

  2. Franklin Delano Roosevelt • Polio • Good speaker • Calm • Persuasive • Elected Nov. 1932 • The New Deal • Inaugurated Mar. 1933 • 20th Amendment

  3. 100 DAYS • First 100 days of a president’s term • The country looks to see if the president is doing what he said • FDR got congress to pass 15 major acts in his first 100 days

  4. THE NEW DEAL • Roosevelt’s program to help the country out of the Depression • Not based on a single philosophy • Goals • Financial Reform • Economic Recovery • Relief for the Needy

  5. First Order of Business – Declare a Bank Holiday Glass Steagall Act • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation - FDIC

  6. Fireside Chats

  7. Federal Securities Act • Securities and Exchange Commission • SEC • Stock Market FDIC WPA CWA CCC NIRA

  8. ALPHABET SOUP FDIC NRA WPA SEC PWA CWA CCC SSA AAA NIRA

  9. Helping the American People • Agricultural Adjustment Act • AAA • Paid farmers to . . . . . • Tennessee Valley Authority • TVA • Helped to electrify . . . . .

  10. Civilian Conservation Corps CCC 18-25 men Roads, trees, flood control. . . . $30 a month - $25 sent home Public Works Administration PWA Construction jobs – Mainly schools and community buildings Civil Works Administraion CWA-- Same as PWA just more!

  11. National Industrial Recovery Act NIRA Established codes of fair practice Established the National Recovery Administration NRA Set prices and established standards Guaranteed right to unionize and collective bargaining

  12. Home Owners Loan Corporation HOLC Government loans to homeowners that faced foreclosure Federal Housing Administration FHA Loans for home mortgages and repairs Federal Emergency Relief Administration FERA Provided direct relief $500 million Half evenly to states Other half earned - $3 for $1

  13. THE NEW DEAL COMES UNDER ATTACK • Too little help • Too much interference

  14. SUPREME COURT • Began to decide that some of the New Deal programs were unconstitutional • Ruled the NIRA unconstitutional • Ruled the AAA unconstitutional

  15. Court Packing Bill • Roosevelt’s plan to restructure the Supreme Court • Six new seats • 9 to 15

  16. Nine Old Men

  17. Critics of the New Deal • American Liberty League • Believed it violated the respect for the rights of individuals and property • Organized by. . .

  18. Charles Coughlin • Catholic priest • Guaranteed national income • Nationalized banks • Became anti-Semitic

  19. Francis Townsend • Doctor • Believed FDR was not doing enough for the elderly and poor • Developed a pension plan for elderly

  20. Huey Long • Traveling salesman, LA gov., US senator • SHARE OUR WEALTH • “Every man a king”

  21. SECTION 2 SECOND NEW DEAL TAKES HOLD

  22. SECOND NEW DEALSecond Hundred Days • FDR wanted more so he launched a second wave of programs • Eleanor Roosevelt • Domestic issues

  23. 1936 Election • FDR against Landon • African Americans • Landslide • Every state but two • Maine and Vermont

  24. AAA Returns Farm Security Administration FSA Loans to tenant farmers to buy land

  25. Extending Relief • Works Progress Administration • WPA • Jobs • Federal Number One • Division of WPA • Artists, writers performers • National Youth Administration • NYA • Provided education, jobs, counseling, recreation

  26. WAGNER ACT National Labor Relations Act • Established • Collective bargaining • Right of workers to unionize • Listed unfair labor practices • Established the NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD • Hears testimony about unfair labor practices (binding arbitration) • Held elections to decide on unionizations

  27. Fair Labor Standards Act • Maximum Hours • 44 hours • 40 hours two years later • Minimum Wage • .25 cents • By 1945 - .40 cents • Minimum Age • 16 years • 18 if work is dangerous/hazardous

  28. Social Security Act • Old Age Insurance • 65 or older • Unemployment System • Aid to families with dependent children and the disabled

  29. Rural Electrification Administration • REA • Bring electricity to rural areas • 1945 – 48% • 1949 – 90%

  30. SECTION 3 The New Deal Affects Many Groups

  31. Francis Perkins • 1st woman appointed to the cabinet • Secretary of Labor • Other Appointments • Two Diplomats • One Federal Judge

  32. African Americans • MARY McLEOD BETHUNE • Helped organize the Black Cabinet • Members • William Hastie • Robert Weaver

  33. Marian Anderson African American Singer Daughters of the American Revolution Eleanor Roosevelt Lincoln Memorial

  34. FDR and CIVIL RIGHTS • Never committed • Afraid of loosing southern Democrat votes • No federal anti-lynching laws • No end of poll tax • Some New Deal programs discriminated against African Americans • Still African Americans supported him because . . . .

  35. Mexican Americans • Supported FDR • Mainly migrant farmers in the Southwest • CCC and WPA discriminated against those without a permanent address

  36. Native Americans • John Collier • Commissioner of Indian Affairs • Indian Reorganization Act • Moved away from assimilation to autonomy • Economic • Lands belong to entire tribe • Cultural • Boarding schools reduces enrollment • Schools on reservations • Political • Elect tribal councils to govern reservations

  37. The New Deal Coalition Diverse group dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party Labor Unions Flourish Pro-labor New Deal legislation passed Membership grew Sit-Down Strikes Still in factories Owners cannot hire strikebreakers because they are in the way!

  38. CULTURE IN THE 1930S • Movies • Gone With the Wind • Wizard of OZ • Snow White • Marx Brothers • Radio • Fireside Chats • Orson Wells • Comedy • Lone Ranger • Soap Operas • Arts • Federal Number One • Grant Wood • Woody Guthrie • Richard Wright • John Steinbeck • Photo Journalism - LIFE

  39. SECTIN 5 The Impact of the New Deal

  40. A THIRD NEW DEAL ??? NO No more deficit spending! Troubles in Europe. . . .

  41. Supporters and Critics • Again . . . . • Too little help • Too much interference • Some said the New Deal had a reasonable balance between capitalism and socialism

  42. The Legacy of the New Deal

  43. Governments expanding role in the economy • FDIC • SEC • Works Programs • All affected our spending power somehow

  44. Protecting workers rights Wagner Act Fair Labor Standards Act National Labor Relations Board Banking and Finance SEC Glass-Steagall Act FDIC

  45. Social Security Probably the biggest legacy – still in place The government has taken the responsibility for the welfare of its citizens Rural America AAA Rural Electrification Administration FSA

  46. Environmental CCC Reforestation Fire stations Trails and national parks Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

  47. The New Deal did not end the Great Depression!!! It made life easier. It was the government spending on World War II supplies that ended the Depression.

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