C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2 nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008)

1. C.W. ShelmerdineIntroduction to Greek 2nd edition(Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 30

2. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 • The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • Correlative pronouns/adjectives • Correlative adverbs • Conditional relative and temporal clauses

3. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 • The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • Correlative pronouns/adjectives • Correlative adverbs • Conditional relative and temporal clauses

4. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • ὅστιςis simply the relative pronoun ὅς ἥ ὅfollowed by the indefinite pronounτις τι, written together as one word. • As the combination implies, it means “anyone who/anything which” or “whoever/whatever.”

5. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective MascFemNeuter ὅστις οἵτινες ἥστις αἵτινες ὅ τι ἅτινα οὗτινος ὧντινων ἧστινος ὧντινων οὗτινος ὧντινων ᾧτινι οἷστισι(ν) ᾗτινι αἷστισι(ν) ᾧτινι οἷστισι(ν) ὅντινα οὕστινας ἥντινα ἅστινας ὅ τί ἅτινα

6. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • ὅστιςhas two common functions. • (1) generalizing relative pronoun/adjective • στρατηγὸς εὐδαίμων ὅστις νικᾷ. • Any general who wins is happy. • ἔστιν ὅστις οὔποτε ἁμαρτάνει; • Is there anyone who never makes a mistake?

7. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • ὅστιςhas two common functions. • (2) interrogative in indirect questions • τίς νικᾷ; • Who is winning? • ἐρωτῶ ὅστις νικᾷ. • I ask who is winning.

8. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • The neuter accusative singular of ὅστιςwritten ὅτιmeans “anything which.” • This form is used often and, by means of the accusative of respect (“somehow with respect to which”), comes to mean “because,” “that,” etc. In this meaning, it is conventionally written as one word, ὅτι.

9. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 • The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • Correlative pronouns/adjectives • Correlative adverbs • Conditional relative and temporal clauses

10. Shelmerdine Chapter 30

11. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 • The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • Correlative pronouns/adjectives • Correlative adverbs • Conditional relative and temporal clauses

12. Shelmerdine Chapter 30

13. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 • The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • Correlative pronouns/adjectives • Correlative adverbs • Conditional relative and temporal clauses

14. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 4. Conditional relative and temporal clauses • An indefinite relative pronoun or adverb can set up a general clause equivalent to a protasis with a subjunctive (accompanied by ἄν). • ἐὰν δῶρα πέμπωσιν, τὴν εἰρήνην διώκομεν. • “In general,if they send gifts,we pursue peace.” • ὁπόταν δῶρα πέμπωσιν, τὴν εἰρήνην διώκομεν. • “Whenever they send gifts,we pursue peace.” • ὁπόταν = ὁπότε + ἄν

15. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 4. Conditional relative and temporal clauses • With secondary tenses, an indefinite relative pronoun or adverb can set up a general clause equivalent to a protasis with an optative. • εἰ δῶρα πέμψειαν, τὴν εἰρήνην ἐδιώκομεν. • “In general, if they sent gifts,we pursued peace.” • ὁπότε δῶρα πέμψειαν, τὴν εἰρήνην ἐδιώκομεν. • “Whenever they sent gifts,we pursued peace.” • οἵτινες δῶρα πέμψειαν τὴν εἰρήνην ἐδέχοντο. • “Whoeversent giftsreceived peace.”

16. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 for next class (Monday, April 11, 2011): • Quiz: Vocabulary Chapter 30 • from section 3 omit: πόθεν/ποθέν, ποῖ/ποι, οἷ, ὁπόθεν, ὅποι • Prepare Biblical Reading 30

17. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 τούτων δὲ παρόντων, βλέψας πρὸς τὸν Κῦρον ὁ Ἀστυάγης ἔφη· Σὺ δὴ ὢν παῖς τοιούτου ἀνδρὸς ἐτόλμησας τὸν τοῦδε παῖδα ὄντος πρώτου παρ' ἐμοὶ ὧδε ὑβρίζειν; ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατο· Ὦ δέσποτα, ἐγὼ ταῦτα δικαίως ἐποίησα. οἱ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς κώμης παῖδες, ὧν καὶ ὅδε ἦν, παίζοντες ἐμὲ ἑαυτῶν ἐστήσαντο ἑαυτῶν βασιλέα.

18. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 τούτων δὲ παρόντων, βλέψας πρὸς τὸν Κῦρον ὁ Ἀστυάγης ἔφη· Σὺ δὴ ὢνπαῖς τοιούτου ἀνδρὸς ἐτόλμησας τὸν τοῦδε παῖδα ὄντος πρώτου παρ' ἐμοὶ ὧδε ὑβρίζειν; ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατο· Ὦ δέσποτα, ἐγὼ ταῦτα δικαίως ἐποίησα. οἱ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς κώμης παῖδες, ὧν καὶ ὅδε ἦν, παίζοντες ἐμὲ ἑαυτῶν ἐστήσαντο ἑαυτῶν βασιλέα.

19. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 ἐδόκουν γὰρ αὐτοῖς εἶναι ἐπιτηδειότατος. οἱ μὲν οὖν ἄλλοι παῖδες ἃ ἐκέλευσα ἔπραξαν, οὗτος δὲ οὐκ ἐπείθετο, ἐκολάσθη οὖν. εἰ οὖν δὴ τούτου ἕνεκα ἄξιος κακοῦ τινός εἰμι, ὅδε πάρειμι. ταῦτα λέγοντος τοῦ παιδός, ὁ Ἀστυάγης ἐδόκει ἀναγνωρίζειν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ καὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἄφθογγος ἦν.

20. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 ἐδόκουν γὰρ αὐτοῖς εἶναι ἐπιτηδειότατος. οἱ μὲν οὖν ἄλλοι παῖδες ἃ ἐκέλευσα ἔπραξαν, οὗτος δὲ οὐκ ἐπείθετο, ἐκολάσθη οὖν. εἰ οὖν δὴ τούτου ἕνεκα ἄξιος κακοῦ τινός εἰμι, ὅδε πάρειμι. ταῦτα λέγοντος τοῦ παιδός, ὁ Ἀστυάγης ἐδόκει ἀναγνωρίζειν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ καὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἄφθογγος ἦν.

21. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 τοῦ δὲ Ἀρτεμβάρους ἀποπεμφθέντος, ἐκέλευσε τοὺς θεράποντας ἔσω ἄγειν τὸν Κῦρον. ἐπεὶ δὲ παρῆν ὁ βουκόλος μόνος, ὁ Ἀστυάγης τάδε ἠρώτησεν·Πόθεν ἔλαβες τὸν παῖδα καὶ τίς σοι ἔδωκεν αὐτόν; ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατο ὅτι ἐστὶν ὁ ἐαυτοῦ παῖς. ὁ δὲ Ἀστυάγης ἐσήμαινε τοῖς δορυφόφοις συλλαμβάνειν καὶ τύπτειν αὐτόν. ὁ δὲ μεγίστῃ ἀπορίᾳ ὤν, πάντα ἐξηγεῖτο καὶ ᾔτησε τὸν βασιλέα ἑαυτῷ συγγιγνώσκειν.

22. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 τοῦ δὲ Ἀρτεμβάρους ἀποπεμφθέντος, ἐκέλευσε τοὺς θεράποντας ἔσω ἄγειν τὸν Κῦρον. ἐπεὶ δὲ παρῆν ὁ βουκόλος μόνος, ὁ Ἀστυάγης τάδε ἠρώτησεν· Πόθεν ἔλαβεςτὸν παῖδα καὶ τίς σοι ἔδωκεν αὐτόν; ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατο ὅτιἐστὶν ὁ ἐαυτοῦ παῖς. ὁ δὲ Ἀστυάγης ἐσήμαινε τοῖς δορυφόφοις συλλαμβάνειν καὶ τύπτειν αὐτόν. ὁ δὲ μεγίστῃ ἀπορίᾳ ὤν, πάντα ἐξηγεῖτο καὶ ᾔτησε τὸν βασιλέα ἑαυτῷ συγγιγνώσκειν.

23. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 5 καὶ λαλήσουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς πρὸς τὸν λαὸν λέγοντες Τίς ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ οἰκοδομήσας οἰκίαν καινὴν καὶ οὐκ ἐνεκαίνισεν αὐτήν; πορευέσθω καὶ ἀποστραφήτω εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἕτερος ἐγκαινιεῖ αὐτήν. ἀποστραφήτω < ἀποστρέφωturn away γραμματεύς –έως ὁ secretary, scribe ἐγκαινίζωrenew, dedicate ἕτερος –α –ον other καινός –ή –όν new λαλέω= λέγω λαός –οῦ ὁ the people οἰκία –ας ἡ household οἰκοδομέωbuild a house

24. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 6 καὶ τίς ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὅστις ἐφύτευσεν ἀμπελῶνα καὶ οὐκ εὐφράνθη ἐξ αὐτοῦ; πορευέσθω καὶ ἀποστραφήτω εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἕτερος εὐφρανθήσεται ἐξ αὐτοῦ. 7 καὶ τίς ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὅστις μεμνήστευται γυναῖκα καὶ οὐκ ἔλαβεν αὐτήν; πορευέσθω καὶ ἀποστραφήτω εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἕτερος λήμψεται αὐτήν. ἀποστραφήτω < ἀποστρέφωturn away ἀμπελών –ος ὁ vineyard ἕτερος –α –ον other εὐφραίνωdelight in, be happy μνηστεύωbetroth οἰκία –ας ἡ household φυτεύω grow

25. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 8 καὶ προσθήσουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς λαλῆσαι πρὸς τὸν λαὸν καὶ ἐροῦσιν Τίς ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ φοβούμενος καὶ δειλὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ; πορευέσθω καὶ ἀποστραφήτω εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ, ἵνα μὴ δειλιάνῃ τὴν καρδίαν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ὥσπερ ἡ αὐτοῦ. ἀδελφός -οῦ ὁ brother ἀποστραφήτω < ἀποστρέφωturn away γραμματεύς –έως ὁ secretary, scribe δειλιαίνωmake cowardly δειλός –η –ον cowardly ἐρέωused as future of λέγω καινός –ή –όν new καρδία –ας ἡ heart λαλέω= λέγω λαός –οῦ ὁ the people οἰκία –ας ἡ household προστίθημιhere ”go further to” φοβέωfrighten

26. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 Exam 4 (Tuesday, April 12, 2011): • For ἵστημι(principal parts given), write out all forms of the 1st/2nd/3rd person, sing/pl, present/imperfect/aorist indicative/infinitive active (see pages 154 and 156). Since ἵστημιhas both a weak and a strong aorist, blanks will be provided to write both.

27. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 Exam 4 (Tuesday, April 12, 2011): • Given a noun, write out the full declension of the noun with its definite article and the aorist passive participle of ἵστημι(σταθείς; see page 148 for the pattern). The translation will indicate whether to place it in the attributive or predicate position. • Translate a brief passage into clear, idiomatic English. • Parse selected words from this passage.