American Life in the Roaring Twenties

1. American Life in the �Roaring Twenties� By: Megan Moore

2. Red Scare 1919-1920 Bolshevik Revolution, 1917 Brought small communist party the U.S. Billy Sunday- �If I had my way, I�d fill the jails so full of them that their feet would stick out the window�

3. Red Scare 1919-1920 Murder Case, 1921 Nicola Sacco (shoe factory worker) Bartolomeo Vanzetti (fish peddler) Convicted of murdering a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard Throughout the trial the jury was prejudiced against the two men because they were Italians, atheists, anarchists, and draft dodgers Both electrocuted in 1927 Controversial because without the anti-red atmosphere they might have only received a prison sentence

4. Red Scare 1919-1920 Conservative business men loved the red scare because it allowed them to break up unions Labors�: closed shop �Sovietism in disguise� Employers :open shop �The American Plan�

5. Knights of the Invisible EmpireKKK

6. Knights of the Invisible EmpireKKK Spread through Midwest and South By mid-twenties members Political influence Positions: Imperial Wizards, Grand Goblins, King Kleagles With a congressional investigation the Klan collapsed in the late 1920s from internal embezzling by Klan officials the KKK had 50 million due paying

7. Immigration 800,000 immigrants came to America in 1920-1921 (2/3 from Southern & Eastern Europe) Americans felt they had no use for the massive amounts of immigrants Claimed Europe was �vomiting� on the US �New Immigration�

8. Immigration

9. Immigration Reformers, Horace Kallan (philosopher) and Randolph Bourne (critic), were known as �cultural pluralists� Criticized the idea that America as a �melting pot� would eliminate cultural diversity

10. Prohibition 18th Amendment, 1919 �Dry Amendment� Banned alcohol unless used for religious means Supported by churches and women Implemented by Volstead Act Defined intoxicating liquors Popular in the South and the West South: Southern whites wanted to keep the stimulants out of the hands of blacks West: Ended the saloon (replaced by �speakeasies�) , public drunkenness, prostitution, corruption and crime Disliked by large Eastern cities because drinking was apart of their culture

11. Prohibition Prohibitionists did not realize that is was impossible for the Federal authorities to be able to enforce a law that the majority of the people disagreed with Had there been more enforcement officials, prohibition might have stood a chance Banks savings increased while absenteeism in industry decreased Moonshiners: makers of illegal liquor Anti-prohibitionists felt it necessary to break the law in order to protest

12. The Golden Age of Gangsterism Prohibition brought crimes Bribery of police came from the large profits of illegal alcohol Violent wars broke out between gangs over who was to control the booze market Known as �The Wars of the 1920s� Chicago= most lawlessness

13. The Golden Age of Gangsterism �Scarface� Al Capone �Public enemy number one� Murderous booze distributor Involved in 6 years of gang warfare

14. The Golden Age of Gangsterism Gangsters participated in prostitution, gambling, and narcotics Honest merchants paid �protection money� so that themselves and their property would not be harmed Organized crime became BIG BUSINESS Made more money (3X) than the government in Washington

15. The Golden Age of Gangsterism

16. Monkey Business in Tennessee Education in the 1920s boomed Professor John Dewey, principle of �learning by doing�, foundation of progressive education

17. Monkey Business in Tennessee Fundamentalists were against science and progressive education Hated Darwinism By teaching Darwinian evolution the faith in God and the Bible were being destroyed

18. Monkey Business in Tennessee 1925 Trial in Dayton, TN John T. Scopes indicted for teaching evolution Defended by Clarence Darrow Prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan Found guilty and fined $100 (fined was put aside to due a technicality) Hollow win for the Fundamentalists

19. The Mass-Consumption Economy Capital investment expanded rapidly with the recent war and Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon�s tax policies �Ingenious machines� led to a boom in prosperity- powered by cheap energy from oil fields Ex: Henry Ford�s factory would complete an automobile every 10 seconds New big business came with the electrical power companies Cars became extremely popular

20. The Mass-Consumption Economy Advertising Used persuasion, seduction, and sexual seduction Bruce Barton �founder of advertising 1925 The Man Nobody Knows Jesus was the greatest adman

21. The Mass-Consumption Economy Sports became big business George H. �Babe� Ruth was more well known than statesmen Yankee Stadium- �the house that Ruth built� 1921 heavyweight champion Jack Dempsey knocked out French light weight George Carpentier Fans paid over a million dollars- the first in a series of million-dollar gates

22. The Mass-Consumption Economy Credit �Possess today and pay tomorrow� People went into debt quickly (especially Puritans) Growth of debt brought an unstable credit structure With a nation in debt comes vulnerability.

23. Putting America on Rubber Tires Automobile industry brought industrial revolution in 1920s Detroit = motor capital of the U.S. Henry Ford (father of the assembly line) Fredrick W. Taylor- sought to eliminate wasted motion �Father of Scientific Management�

24. Putting America on Rubber Tires Henry Ford brought the rubber tire into business �Fordism� techniques of assembly line production 1914 �Automobile Wizard� released 500,000th Model T Ford was the people�s choice for the presidential nominee for the election of 1924

25. The Advent of the Gasoline Age Brought many jobs Supporting industries include rubber, glass, and fabrics California, Texas,& Oklahoma were home to oil derricks that expanded the wilderness frontier to the industrial frontier Railroad industry struggled with the new petroleum industry

26. The Advent of the Gasoline Age Automobiles became a need instead of a luxury Form of freedom Women were finally free of the restraints of men Isolation decreased By late 1920s America owned more automobiles that bathtubs Nation of commuters Negatives include deaths and �a house of prostitution on wheels�

27. 17 December 1903, Kitty Hawk, NC the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, made the first airborne flight for 12 seconds @ 120 feet 1920 �first transcontinental airmail route from New York to San Francisco Charles Lindbergh �Flyin Fool� �Lone Eagle� First man to fly solo across Atlantic, 1927 Boosted aviation industry Spirit of St. Louis By 1930s-1949s travel by air= safer than travel by highway

28. The Radio Revolution Guglielmo Marconi invented wireless telegraphy (the telegraph) Pittsburgh KDKA- first radio station, 1920 News of Harding landslide 1920s technological improvements made long-distance broadcasting possible National commercial networks overpowered local programming Advertising commercials= another way of free-enterprise

29. The Radio Revolution Radio made contributions to sports, gossip, politics, music, and gospel �Tuning In� �Amos and Andy� �A&P Gypsies� �Everyday Hour�

30. Hollywood�s Filmland Fantasies The Great Train Robbery was the first movie $0.05 ----- �nickelodeons� Hollywood = movie capital of the U.S. Movies included nudity -- censorship was required Movies were used as anti-German propaganda

31. Hollywood�s Filmland Fantasies 1927 the first �talkie� was made, The Jazz Singer� Al Jolson Movie stars made more money and were more popular than the president Movies helped immigrants integrate into society by helping them speak the language � put an end to most racial diversity

32. The Dynamic Decade Census of 1920 showed growth in population in urban areas Woman began working, �women's work� Margaret Sanger led birth-control movement and introduced the use of contraceptives Alice Paul formed the National Women�s Party in 1923

33. The Dynamic Decade Fundamentalists were replaced by Modernists Churches tried to be competitive �come to church: Christian worship increases your efficiency� God was a �good guy� and universe was a friendly place

34. The Dynamic Decade Flappers Women became more provocative Elevated hemlines, cheeks rouged, breasts taped flat, rolled stockings, smoking One piece bathing suits Dr. Sigmund Freud explained the new sexual frankness by arguing that sexual repression caused many nervous and emotional ills

35. FLAPPERS

36. The Dynamic Decade Jazz was the music of the time and were headed by black men yet white men reaped the profits

37. The Dynamic Decade Harlem, New York Langston Hughes, famous black poet The Weary Blues 1926 Marcus Garvey, political leader and founder of UNIA (promoted replacement of blacks in Africa) Sponsored stores and businesses led by blacks Black Starline Steamship Company Nation of Islam Convicted and deported in 1927

38. Cultural Liberation New Literature and New Writers H. L. Mencken �Bad Boy of Baltimore�-American Mercury F. Scott Fitzgerald- This Side of Paradise 1920, The Great Gatsby 1925 Theodore Dreiser- An American Tragedy Ernest Hemingway- The Sun Also Rises 1926, A Farewell to Arms 1929 Sherwood Anderson- Winesburgh, Ohio Sinclair Lewis � Main Street 1920, Babbitt 1922 William Faulkner- The Sound and the Fury 1929, 1930 As I Lay Dying, Absolom, Absolom! 1936

39. Cultural Liberation Poetry Ezra Pound- �Make It New� T.S. Eliot- �The Waste Land� 1922 Plays Eugene O�Neil- �Strange Interlude�

40. Cultural Liberation Black Culture Renaissance led by Claude McKay, Langston Hughes, Zora Neal, Louis Armstrong, Eubie Blake �New Negro� full citizen/ social equal to whites Architecture Frank Lloyd Wright wanted to stray away from Roman/Greek Empire State Building

41. Wall Street�s Big Bull Market The Stock Market became increasingly popular Little effort was made by Washington to control money management

42. Wall Street�s Big Bull Market 1921, the Republican Congress created the Bureau of the Budget Assist president in preparing estimate receipts for submission to Congress Prevent extravagant appropriations Treasury Secretary, Andrew Mellon, believed that taxes forced the rich to invest in tax-exempt securities vs. factories that provided payroll Created tax reductions 1921-1926 Shifted tax burden from the rich to the middle class Reduced national debt by $10 billion

44. Sources www.apnotes.net www.google.com/images Flag Book New Book Old Book Personal Notes