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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) involuntary nervous system subconscious control

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) involuntary nervous system subconscious control consists of motor neurons that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands. ANS pathway uses two-neuron chain Preganglionic neuron in CNS

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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) involuntary nervous system subconscious control

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  1. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) • involuntary nervous system • subconscious control • consists of motor neurons that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

  2. ANS pathway uses two-neuron chain • Preganglionic neuron in CNS • Postganglionic neuron in ganglion outside CNS that extends to effector organ Divisions of the ANS • Sympathetic and Parasympathetic division • Dual innervation-All visceral organs served by both divisions, but cause opposite effects • Dynamic antagonism between two divisions maintains homeostasis

  3. Role of the Sympathetic Division • Mobilizes body during activity; "fight-or-flight" system • Increased heart rate; dry mouth; cold, sweaty skin; dilated pupils Role of the Parasympathetic Division • Promotes maintenance activities and conserves body energy • Directs digestion, diuresis, defecation • Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rates are low

  4. Control of ANS Function • Hypothalamus—main control center of ANS activity • Other controls from cerebral cortex, reticular formation, and spinal cord

  5. Neurotransmitters • Somatic nervous system • All somatic motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh); effects always stimulatory • ANS • Preganglionic fibers release ACh • Postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine or ACh • Effect is either stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on type of receptors receiving stimulus

  6. Neurotransmitters • Cholinergic fibers release neurotransmitter ACh • All ANS preganglionic axons • All parasympathetic postganglionic axons at effector synapse • Adrenergic fibers release neurotransmitter NE • Most sympathetic postganglionic axons

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