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Liver: anatomy & functions

Liver: anatomy & functions. Pavle Pei ć Tukuljac Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat. Anatomy. Largest gland in the body ( 1. 5 Kg ) Under the diaphragm, within the rib cage in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. 4 Lobes Major : left and right Minor : caudate and quadrate Ducts

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Liver: anatomy & functions

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  1. Liver: anatomy & functions Pavle Peić Tukuljac Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. Anatomy • Largest gland in the body (1.5 Kg) • Under the diaphragm, within the rib cage in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen

  3. 4 Lobes Major: left and right Minor: caudate and quadrate Ducts Common hepatic Cystic From gallbladder Common bile - Choledochus Joins pancreatic duct at hepatopancreatic ampulla Anatomy

  4. GALLBLADDER ANATOMY

  5. Thin-walled green muscular sac On the inferior surface of the liver Stores bile that is not immediately needed for digestion When the muscular wall of the gallbladder contracts bile is expelled into the bile duct GALLBLADDER ANATOMY LIVER GALL BLADDER

  6. BILE – bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids and electrolytes Liver produces 0.5-1 l of bile daily Bile salts emulsify fats BILE LIVER GALL BLADDER

  7. Liver lobules – hexagonal structures consisting of hepatocytes Hepatocytes radiate outward from a central vein At each of the six corners of a lobule is a portal triad Liver sinusoids LIVER ANATOMY

  8. Hepatocytes produce bile Bile flows through canals called bile canaliculi to a bile duct Bile ducts leave the liver via the common hepatic duct LIVER ANATOMY

  9. LIVER ANATOMY 20 % 80 %

  10. Functions • Metabolic • Synthesis • Breakdown • Other functions – storage of vitamin A,D,B12,F… • Excretion of waste products from bloodstream into bile • Vascular– storage of blood

  11. Synthesis • Protein metabolism • Synthesis of amino acids • Carbohydrate metabolism • Gluconeogenesis • Glycogenolysis • Glycogenesis • Lipid metabolism • Cholesterol synthesis • Lipogenesis • Production of coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, IX, X and XI, and protein C, protein S and antithrombin • Main site of red blood cell production • Produces insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a polypeptideprotein – anabolic effects • Production of trombopoetin

  12. Breakdown • Breaks down insulin and other hormones • Breaks down hemoglobin • Breaks down or modifies toxic substances (methylation) → sometimes results in toxication • Converts ammonia to urea

  13. Other functions • Produces albumin, the major osmolar component of blood serum • Synthesizes angiotensinogen, the hormone responsible for raising blood pressure when activated by renin (enzyme released when the kidney senses low blood pressure)

  14. References • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0AjkKRxbWM&feature=related • http://www.mamashealth.com/organs/liver.asp • www.medterms.com • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bx6kj6xLCZw

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