About OMICS Group

1. About OMICS Group OMICS Group International is an amalgamation of Open Access publications and worldwide international science conferences and events. Established in the year 2007 with the sole aim of making the information on Sciences and technology ‘Open Access’, OMICS Group publishes 400 online open access scholarly journals in all aspects of Science, Engineering, Management and Technology journals. OMICS Group has been instrumental in taking the knowledge on Science & technology to the doorsteps of ordinary men and women. Research Scholars, Students, Libraries, Educational Institutions, Research centers and the industry are main stakeholders that benefitted greatly from this knowledge dissemination. OMICS Group also organizes 300 International conferences annually across the globe, where knowledge transfer takes place through debates, round table discussions, poster presentations, workshops, symposia and exhibitions.

2. About OMICS Group Conferences OMICS Group International is a pioneer and leading science event organizer, which publishes around 400 open access journals and conducts over 300 Medical, Clinical, Engineering, Life Sciences, Pharma scientific conferences all over the globe annually with the support of more than 1000 scientific associations and 30,000 editorial board members and 3.5 million followers to its credit. OMICS Group has organized 500 conferences, workshops and national symposiums across the major cities including San Francisco, Las Vegas, San Antonio, Omaha, Orlando, Raleigh, Santa Clara, Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, United Kingdom, Valencia, Dubai, Beijing, Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Mumbai.

3. 3rdInternationalconferenceandexhibitionon Biosensors&Bioelectronics SanAntonio,USA,August11-13,2014 Anovelplatformbasedonimmobilizedolfactoryreceptors,fordetectionodorantmolecules characteristicsofboartaint.

4. Boartaint Boartaintspoilstasteandodourofporkmeet.Itisduetovolatilecompounds,suchasandrostenone.Theyareconcentratedinseveralpartsofpigbody.

5. Odorantdetection • Itisveryimportanttodetectodorantmoleculesbecausethey: • canconstituteasignatureofmetabolicstatesordiseases, • canparticipateinaromasinfood, • canbeassociatedwithdrugsandexplosives • ortodomesticandenvironmentalpollutants. • Therefore,thereisanincreasinginterestinemergingtechnologiesallowingrapidandnon-invasiveassessmentofvolatileodorantcompounds.

6. OUTLINE • Principleoftheelectronicnoseandtongueanddescriptionofcommercialproductsandmarket • Newdirectionsofresearch: • Newsensorsbasedonolfactoryreceptors

7. Principleoftheelectronicnose comparedtoanhumannose RecognizedasBraziliancoffee Odor Mind Brain Nose SignalProcessing ComparisonwithodorsIndatabase RESULTS Acquisition Reaction Signal Data Onsensors Processing Processing -NOL- -HOL- RecognizedasBraziliancoffee -DIOL- -MALD- -ALD- -HAT-

8. ObjectivesofanElectronicNose • Createanolfactiveimpression • Comparedto humannose:Available(time,nosaturationeffect)Lowercost • ReproducibilityAnalysisoftoxics • Comparedtoclassicaltechniquesofchemicalanalysis: • NoseparationofcompoundsisneededHighspeed,possibleinsitumonitoringPortable,miniaturisation

9. ManytypesofApplications R&D/CONTRÔLEQUALITE R&D/QUALITYCONTROL • -Ageing/storageimpact • Stability/lifetime/freshness • Contamination/fermentation • Mixing,roasting,cooking… • Detectionoffraud • Comparisontoareference • Controlofintermediaryproducts • Controlofplaneffluents • Controlpackagingsandfinishedproducts • Residualsolvents/inks • Corns/meets/fishes.. • -………… Environment Foodindustry Chemistry Parfumes/Cosmetics Packaging Pharmaceutics

10. GasSensors ilemolecules MetallicOxide Sensors(MOS) Athightemperature(100°C-400°C),volatreactonthesensitivesurfaceofthesensor→ resistancevariation Selectivity:modulatedthroughworkingtemperature Inorganicmaterials:stable,longlifetime,weaklysensitivetohumidity,lowcost,easytobeused Mostcommonlyused

11. Responsesofthesensors:Comparisonoftwosamplesofoils Conformsmell Rancidsmell

12. Statisticalmethodsfordataprocessing Exploration PCA:PrincipalComponentAnalysis Qualitative DFA:DiscriminentFactorial Analysis SIMCA:SoftIndependentModellingClass Analysis Quantitative PLS:PartialLeastSquare

13. ExemplePCA:Differentiationoftheoriginsofcoffees

14. SIMCAqualitativeanalysis: comparisontoareference TheSIMCAmodeldefinesaconfidencezone UnknownsamplesareprojectedontheSIMCAmap.

15. AlphaMOS Arangeofproducts Recherche&DéveloppementMasseetcapteurs PROMETHEUS Recherche&DéveloppementContrôleQualité FOX/KRONOS ContrôleQualitéproductionréception CENTAURI ContrôleQualitéproductionréception ComparateurGEMINI

16. ElectronicTongue Gustativeimpression,inaliquidmedium V G electrodede référence enzyme espècebiologiquedétectée solution + + + H H H silice canal silicium p source drain ID VD ArrayofSensors:FieldEffectTransistors Withpolymericmembranesincludingnonspecificamphiphilicionophores

17. ElectronicTongue ElectronicTonguefromAlpha-Mos: -Astree

18. ElectronicTongue Discriminationof6brandsofbeerswithanelectronictongue(AlphaMOS)

19. OlfactoryReceptors Replacingthesephysicalorchemicalsensingelementswitholfactoryreceptors(ORs)thatwouldprovideanewplatformwiththecapacitytoovercometheseweaknesses,resultinginbioelectronicolfactiondevices. Innerchamberofnose Coffee!!

20. OlfactoryReceptors Schemeofanolfactoryreceptorincludedintheolfactorycellmembrane TheORsmediatingtheperceptionofodorants,objectoftheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine2004,belongtothelargesuper-familyofG-proteincoupledreceptors(GPCRs),themselvesobjectoftheNobelPrizeinChemistry2012 EachORcanrespondtoarangeofodorantsthatsharespecificmolecularfeaturesandcandiscriminateslightdiscrepanciesinodorantstructure,sizeorconcentration.Moreover,anORcandetectitspreferentialodorantligandataverylowconcentration,i.e.10pM-10nM.

21. IdentificationofOlfactoryReceptors • Thedifferentstepsare: • ElectroOlfactoGram(EOG):turbinatesoftheratolfactorymucosabestrespondedtotargetodorant • Preparationoffreshlyisolatedolfactorycellsbychemicaldissociationofratolfactoryepithelium • Stimulationoffreshlydissociatedcells(Calciumimaging) • Recoveryofthewholecellcontentofresponsiveneurons • Single-cellRNAreverse-transcription(RT)andamplificationwithspecificprimerstoidentifytheolfactoryreceptorexpressedbytheseresponsiveneurons

22. Concentrationofolfactoryreceptorsingeneticallymodifiedyeasts InordertobeabletoimmobiliseORsonopticaland electricaltranducers,theywereexpressedin as geneticallymodifiedyeastswiththeir6-Histag,well. OR7D4fromchimpanzeerelatedtoandrostenoneOR1740fromhumanunrelatedtoandrostenone

23. Concentrationofolfactoryreceptors ingeneticallymodifiedyeasts NegativeTest SacharomycesCerevisiaeyeast,geneticallymodified,expressingI7receptorintheircellmembrane(ELISAtest)

24. OlfactoryReceptorincludedinnanosomes Microsomepreparation Nanosomepreparation

25. AnewapproachfortheconceptionofabiosensorfordetectionofOR/odorantinteractionAnewapproachfortheconceptionofabiosensorfordetectionofOR/odorantinteraction ER-α ER-α ER-α ER-α ER-α Nanosome N TheHistag-OR/nanosomeisimmobilizedongoldelectrodeusing6His-copperinteraction ON O N OCu2+N O O N IntensityofCu(I)/Cu(II)peakdependsonORconformation O N O Korri-YoussoufiH.etal,BiosensorsandBioelectronics26(2010)736–742)17β-estradiolisdetectedthroughitsoxidationpeakusingSWV O S Au Au Au

26. Electrochemicalcontrolofnanosomeimmobilization Ongoldelectrodesurface CopperacetateEstrogenreceptoralpha 1000 800 600 I/µAcm-2 400 200 0 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 E/mV SWVspectraofCu(I)/Cu(II)peakbeforeandafternanosomeimmobilization

27. ElectrochemicaldetectionofOR/odorantinteraction 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -2 I/µAcm -400 -200 0 200 400 600 E/mV SWVdetectionofCu(I)→Cu(II)peakonOR7D4functionalizedelectrode-EffectofOR7D4relativeodorantfor(androstenone)

28. CalibrationcurveforandrostenonerelatedOR7D4 PositiveNegative 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 RelativelyHeight[µA/cm²] 10-14M10-12M10-10M10-8M10-6M10-4M Concentration[M] PBS RelativevariationofcopperpeakmaximumonOR7D4functionalizedelectrodeforpositivetest(androstenone)andnegativetest(helional)

29. CalibrationcurveforandrostenoneunrelatedOR1740 Positive(helional)Negative(androstenone) OR1740 20 RelativelyHeight[µA/cm²] 10 0 10-14M 10-12M 10-10M10-8M Concentration[M] 10-6M 10-4M RelativevariationofcopperpeakmaximumonOR1740functionalizedelectrodeforpositivetest(helional)andnegativetest(androstenone)

30. SummaryandPerspectives Feasibilityofelectrochemical detection ofbeen androstenone/relatedOR7D4interactionhas demonstratedforthefirsttime. AcalibrationcurveoftheOR7D4biosensorhasbeenobtainedandnegativetestsshowtheselectivityofandrostenonedetection. Perspectives: Bioelectronicdevice:multisensorarraywithmultiORs

31. Peopleinvolvedinthisstudy Z.Z.Guo,N.Zine,F.Lagarde,N. Jaffrezic-Renault, InstituteofAnalyticalChemistry,LSADepartment,5Ruedela Doua,69100Villeurbanne,France K.Badonnel,M.A.Persuy,E.Pajot-Augy, INRA, UR1197Neurobiologiedel'OlfactionetModélisationen Imagerie, F-78350Jouy-en-Josas, France A.Zhang KeyLaboratory of PesticidesandChemicalBiology,Huazhong NormalUniversity, LuoyuStr 152, HongshanDistrict, 430079Wuhan,China

32. LYONUNESCOWorldHeritage Sponsors:ThisworkwassupportedbyECthroughFP7BONDProject(NMP4-SL-2009-228685)andMarieCurieNANODEVgrantNo318524.Z. GuothanksChinaScholarshipCouncilforgrant. LYONUNESCOWorldHeritage Thankyouforyourattention 30

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