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Providing Developmentally Appropriate Care to Pediatric Patients

Providing Developmentally Appropriate Care to Pediatric Patients. Your name, institution, date etc. Introduction. State the purpose of the discussion Identify yourself. Topics of Discussion. Developmental Stages Child Friendly Interactions Language Issues Area Specific Procedures

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Providing Developmentally Appropriate Care to Pediatric Patients

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  1. Providing Developmentally Appropriate Care to Pediatric Patients Your name, institution, date etc.

  2. Introduction • State the purpose of the discussion • Identify yourself

  3. Topics of Discussion • Developmental Stages • Child Friendly Interactions • Language Issues • Area Specific Procedures • Child Life Specialists and Preparation

  4. Developmental Stages • Infants (0-12 months) • Toddlers (1-2 years) • Pre-schoolers (2-5 years) • School Aged Children (6-10 years) • Adolescents (11-18 years)

  5. Infants (0-12 months) • Physical • Totally dependent on adults to meet their needs • Learning/Psychological • Learn by use of their senses and through activity • Enjoys play with people and objects

  6. Infants (0-12 months) • Psycho-social • Recognizes familiar faces • Uses crying, body language, and tone of voice to convey wants/needs • Derives pleasure • Feeding situations • Being held or rocked • Tactile stimulation

  7. Infants (0-12 months) • Fears • Greatest fear is the fear of separation from caregiver • After age 6 months, infants are afraid of strangers

  8. Toddlers (1-2 years) • Physical • Developing control of body (i.e. walking, toilet training) • Psycho-social • Increasing independence • Enjoys exploring environment in the presence of the primary caregiver • Stranger anxiety can be great in some toddlers

  9. Toddlers (1-2 years) • Learning/psychological • Developing a sense of object permanence • Beginning sense of time • Magical thinking • Short attention span • Follows simple directions • Increasing vocabulary

  10. Toddlers (1-2 years) • Fears • Separation • Loss of control • Pain • Altered rituals • Beginning to relate cause and effect, but no real concept of fear

  11. Preschoolers (3-5 years) • Physical • Increasing fine motor skills • Gross motor skills becoming more coordinated

  12. Preschoolers (3-5 years) • Psycho-social • Intense need for caregiver when under stress • Initiates activities rather than just imitating others • Developing social behavior • Greater autonomy and independence • Likes dramatic and imaginative play

  13. Preschoolers (3-5 years) • Learning/Psychological • Ego-centric – view experiences from own perspective • Increasing vocabulary and clearness of speech • No logical or abstract thought • Difficulty distinguishing between reality and fantasy

  14. Preschoolers (3-5 years) • Fears • Mutilation • Loss of control • Death • The dark • May see illness/injury as punishment for “bad” behavior (still egocentric)

  15. School-age Children (6-10 years) • Physical • Increasing fine motor skills • Psycho-social • Still needs caregiver in times of stress • May be unwilling to ask for help • Successes contribute to positive self-esteem and self-control • Establishing same sex peer groups

  16. School-age Children (6-10 years) • Learning/Psychological • Age of accomplishment • Increasing competence and mastery of new skills • Beginning of logical thought • Deductive reasoning develops • Interested in learning about body functions • Interprets phrase and idioms at face value

  17. School-age Children (6-10 years) • Fears • Separation from friends • Loss of control • Physical disability

  18. Adolescents (11-18 years) • Physical • Developing mature sexual orientation • Psycho-social • Transition from childhood to adulthood • Quest for independence : can lead to family dissension • Acutely aware of body appearance and imperfections • May view illness in terms if change in appearance and function • Peers are important fro psychological support and social development

  19. Adolescents (11-18 years) • Learning/Psychological • Can imagine the consequences of actions and illness • Concept of time well developed • Memory fully developed • Beginning to think about concepts outside own experiences

  20. Adolescents (11-18 years) • Fears • Change in appearance • Dependency • Loss of control • Separation from peers

  21. Child Friendly Interactions • Get on the child’s level • Introduce yourself and your role • Unknown people are threatening • Only give choices where choices exist • Do not make promises you cannot keep • Appearances can be deceiving – DON’T ASSUME

  22. Language Issues • Be careful of medical terms we take for granted • You do not have to say it hurts • Do not use the phrases • “Be a big girl/boy” • “Big girls/boys don’t cry” • Talk to the patient and explain what you are doing • Use descriptive words

  23. Area Specific Procedures / Real Life • Give an example or real life anecdote • Sympathize with the audience’s situation if appropriate • Give area specific guidelines/advice • Take questions about specific situations

  24. Child Life • Discuss your role and how you can help • Let staff know when you available and how to contact you • Discuss possible teaching/preparation tools

  25. What This Means • Add a strong statement that summarizes how you feel or think about this topic • Summarize key points you want you audience to remember

  26. Next Steps • Summarize any actions required of your audience • Summarize any follow up action items required by you

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