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Jeopardy. ATP. Respiration. Photosynthesis. Plant Structure. Enzymes. Q $100. Q $100. Q $100. Q $100. Q $100. Q $200. Q $200. Q $200. Q $200. Q $200. Q $300. Q $300. Q $300. Q $300. Q $300. Q $400. Q $400. Q $400. Q $400. Q $400. Q $500. Q $500. Q $500. Q $500. Q $500.
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Jeopardy ATP Respiration Photosynthesis Plant Structure Enzymes Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $500 Q $500 Q $500 Q $500 Q $500
$100 Question: Plant Structures What are the funcitons of xylem and phloem as they relate to photosynthesis?
$100 Answer: Plant Structures • Xylem transports water from roots to stem to leaves. Water is split to replace the electrons that jump out of the chlorophylll • Phloem carries the sugars produced by the plant to anywhere the plant needs food.
$200 Question: Plant Structures • Draw and label a diagram of a flower. Explain the function of two of the parts of the flower as they pertain to plant reproduction.
$200 Answer: Plant Structures Petals – attract pollenators; anther – make pollen; stigma – sticky to collect pollen; etc.
$300 Question: Plant Structures How do plants regulate the opening and closing of their stomates? Why do plants regulate the opening and closing of their stomates?
$300 Answer: Plant Structures Plants use their stomates, pores in the undersides of their leaves, to take in CO2 and release O2 and H2O. When the stomates’ guard cells are full of sugar, potassium, and water, the guard cells are banana-shaped and allow for gas exchange. When the plant doesn’t have enough water, the guard cells are drained of water, and close. The benefit is that the plant loses less water. The downside is that the plant cannot take in CO2 to do photosynthesis.
$400 Question: Plant Structures The formula for fructose is C6H12O6, the same as glucose. (Glucose and fructose are structurally different but have the same chemical formula.) Where does the carbon in fructose come from? How did the carbon get into the plant? Your answer should relate to photosynthesis!
$400 Answer: Plant Structures The carbon in fructose comes from the carbon dioxide that the plant (or algae or bacteria) takes in, possibly through stomata. CO2 diffuses through the cells of the spongy mesophyll and into the other cells of the leaf. That CO2 could have come from respiration, including either the plant’s own respiration or from other organisms, or from other CO2 sources.
$500 Question: Plant Structures Design an experiment to test whether plants with tightly packed cells in the palisades region of their leaves are better at performing photosynthesis than plants with more loosely packed mesophyll regions. Your experiment should include a concrete way to measure photosynthesis! Predict which plant you think will produce more glucose. WHY?
$500 Answer: Plant Structures Plants with tightly packed palisades layers have more cells (and more chloroplasts) able to perform photosynthesis because they will have more surface area exposed to the sun, therefore making it easier to harvest sunlight. You could compare a plant with a loosely packed palisades layer and a lightly packed layer by selecting two plants, taking samples of each, giving them CO2 and H2O, and measuring either glucose or oxygen output. Oxygen output could be measured in bubbles produced, leaf disks floating, flame tests, or O2 sensors.
$100 Question: ATP What does ATP stand for?
$100 Answer: ATP Adenosine Triphosphate.
$200 Question: ATP Energy is released from ATP when: a. A phosphate group is added. b. ATP is exposed to sunlight. c. Adenine bonds to ribose. d. A phosphate group is removed.
$200 Answer: ATP D. Removing a phosphate group.
$300 Question: ATP • When viewing a slide of rapidly moving animal sperm cells, a student concludes that these cells require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. The organelles that most directly provide this energy are known as: • Vacuoles • Ribosomes • Chloroplasts • Mitochondria • Justify your answer!
$300 Answer: ATP D. Mitochondria Mitochondria take food energy and transform it into chemical energy.
$400 Question: ATP • A calorie is a unit of food energy. Which of the following BEST relates calories to types of energy? • Food acts as kinetic energy; it is converted to ATP through photosynthesis. • Food acts as potential energy; it is converted to ATP through photosynthesis. • Food acts as kinetic energy; it is converted to ATP through respiration. • Food acts as potential energy; it is converted to ATP through respiration.
$400 Answer: ATP Food acts as potential energy; it is converted to ATP through respiration.
$500 Question: ATP Animals have long term energy storage in the form of fats and in polysaccharides (many glucose molecules strung together). Plants store energy as polysaccharides. Why do you think organisms have evolved long-energy storage, rather than storing all their energy as ATP?
$500 Answer: ATP ATP is less stable than storage in fats or polysaccharides because it can lose its phosphate groups relatively easily. It is the “cash” of the cell. In contrast, fats and polysaccharides are relatively stable ways to store lots of potential energy and may have o.
$100 Question: Enzymes What are enzymes? What do they do in the cell?
$100 Answer: Enzymes Enzymes are (mostly) proteins that act as biological catalysts: they speed up chemical reactions in living systems.
$200 Question: Enzymes Explain how shape affects how enzymes function. What are the substances that enzymes interact with called? What are the sites on enzymes that interact with these substances?
$200 Answer: Enzymes Enzymes must fit their substrates (what they act on) like a key to a lock. Substrates fit into the active site on an enzyme, and the products of the reaction are released from the active site. If enzymes and substrates don’t fit together, then the reaction will not proceed.
$300 Question: Enzymes What is the effect of increasing substrate concentration on an enzyme’s reaction rate? Graph the effect of increasing an enzyme’s substrate concentration on its reaction rate. Explain your graph!
$300 Answer: Enzymes Reaction Rate Substrate concentration As substrate concentration increases, reaction rate increases, until the enzyme hits its Vmax.
$400 Question: Enzymes How do temperature AND pH affect enzyme function? Your explanation should explain how each affects enzyme shape and function.
$400 Answer: Enzymes Both temperature and pH change enzyme shape because they unravel/denature enzymes’ shape, but breaking the hydrogen bonds stabilizing the protein. Since enzymes are proteins (for the most part), their shapes are affected by high temperature and high or low pH. When they lose their shape, they no longer fit their substrates. Low temperatures slow enzyme function, because of less kinetic energy in the system.
$500 Question: Enzymes An enzyme functions best at a certain temperature and pH. Based on the graphs below, what can you conclude about the environment in which this enzyme best functions? HOW DO YOU KNOW?
$500 Answer: Enzymes The enzyme functions best at human body temperature (37C) and at a pH of 8 (10 times more basic than pure H2O). The reaction rate of the enzyme is highest at that temperature and pH based on the graphs shown.
$100 Question: Respiration What is the difference between anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration?
$100 Answer: Respiration Anaerobic respiration does not require Oxygen; aerobic respiration does.
$200 Question: Respiration Label the following diagram: Why do you think that the inner membrane of the mitochondrion has a highly folded membrane?
$200 Answer: Respiration The inner membrane has a highly folded membrane with a large surface area to provide more space for chemical reactions.
$300 Question: Respiration Compare and contrast photosynthesis and respiration. Your answer should include at least 3 similiarities and 3 differences.
$300 Answer: Respiration Photosynthesis Both Respiration Calvin Cycle Cycles Krebs Cycle 2 main steps Multi-step reactions 3.5 steps Converts light energy Converts energy Converts food to to food energy chemical energy ETC ETC ETC NADPH Electron carriers NADH Requires CO2 CO2 Produces CO2 Produces O2 O2 Requires O2 Autotrophs Autotrophs Heterotrophs and autotrophs
$400 Question: Respiration Why does respiration require oxygen? What is oxygen used for in respiration? How does this use relate to photosynthesis? EXPLAIN!
$400 Answer: Respiration Oxygen is used to catch electrons in the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration. These electrons come from NADH, an electron carrier, and were produced during glycolysis, the oxydation of pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle. The electrons combine with oxygen and hydrogen to make water. This is the opposite of the reaction in photolysis, where water is broken down to release O2, electrons, and hydrogen. The electrons replace the ones that jumped out of the chlorophyll, and the oxygen is released by the stomates.
$500 Question: Respiration Bacteria are prokaryotes, so they lack membrane-bound organelles. Describe whether bacteria can break down sugars to produce energy and, if so, which processes they can use.
$500 Answer: Respiration Bacteria can still perform simple glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. Some of these bacteria can use the products of glycolysis for lactic acid fermentation. Other bacteria perform aerobic respiration in specialized sections of their plasma membranes. Some bacteria that did this took up residence in other cells and became mitochondria.
$100 Question: Photosynthesis What are the yellow pigments found in leaves called? What colors of light do they absorb? What colors of light do they reflect?
$100 Answer: Photosynthesis Yellow pigments are called xanthophylls. They absorb all colors of light but yellow and reflect yellow light.
$200 Question: Photosynthesis Calculate the rf value of a pigment that travels 5 cm and a solvent that travels 25 cm. and for a pigment that travels 10 cm and a solve that travels 40 cm. Which pigment is larger? HOW DO YOU KNOW?
$200 Answer: Photosynthesis rf = distance traveled by pigment/ distance traveled by solvent Rf for first pigment = 5cm/25cm = .2 Rf for second pigment = 10cm/40cm = .25 The first pigment is larger because its rf value is smaller.
$300 Question: Photosynthesis • An environmental change that would likely increase the rate of photosynthesis in a bean plant would be an increase in the: • Intensity of green light • Concentration of nitrogen in the air • Concentration of oxygen in the air. • Concentration of carbon dioxide in the air. • Explain your reasoning!
$300 Answer: Photosynthesis D. Concentration of carbon dioxide in the air Since CO2 is a reactant in photosynthesis, increasing its concentration increases a plant’s rate of photosynthesis.
$400 Question: Photosynthesis What is necessary for the light-independent reactions to take place? For each reactant, state where it comes from. What is produced by the light-independent reactions? What will that product be used for in the plant/algae/etc.?
$400 Answer: Photosynthesis Reactants NADPH and ATP - from the ETC of the light-dependent reactions CO2 - from the air Products 2 G3P = 1 Glucose That glucose will be transported through the plant, via phloem, to places the plant needs energy. The glucose is converted to ATP through respiration. Glucose will also be stored as starch or used to build plants’ structures through cell walls.
$500 Question: Photosynthesis Describe endosymbiotic theory and evidence for that theory. Based on your knowledge of plant and animal cells, which evolved first: chloroplasts or mitochondria?
