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Musculoskeletal Pain Reported by Hired Crop Workers in the United States, 1999-2004

Musculoskeletal Pain Reported by Hired Crop Workers in the United States, 1999-2004. John R. Myers, Larry A. Layne, and Shuhui Wang National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

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Musculoskeletal Pain Reported by Hired Crop Workers in the United States, 1999-2004

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  1. Musculoskeletal Pain Reported by Hired Crop Workers in the United States, 1999-2004 John R. Myers, Larry A. Layne, and Shuhui Wang National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health The findings and conclusions in this Presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

  2. National survey of hired crop workers in the US • US Department of Labor, Employment Training Administration • Began in 1989 • Main focus: crop worker labor force stability, demographics, work histories, and economics National Agricultural Workers Survey

  3. Survey of the Continental US--Excludes Hawaii and Alaska • Personal interview in worker’s primary language • Conducted in a location chosen by worker • Core questionnaire and supplemental modules National Agricultural Workers Survey

  4. 1999-2004 NIOSH occupational health supplemental modules • Injury: 1999, 2002-2004 • Musculoskeletal pain: 1999-2004 • Dermatitis: 1999-2003 • Health conditions: 1999-2004 • asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure, tuberculosis, heart disease, urinary tract infections National Agricultural Workers Survey

  5. Methods

  6. Retrospective, cross sectional study • All types of hired crop workers are eligible (settled, migrant, supervisors) • Three rounds of sampling/year • Complex sampling weights • Multi-year weight used for this study • Analysis via SAS Survey procedures Methods

  7. Demographic information on hired crop workers: • General: Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, Education • Time of interview: Region, Type of worker, US farm work experience, Health problems, Type of crop, Type of work Methods

  8. Musculoskeletal pain module: • Number of self-reported complaints of pain during the past year • Farm work-related events only • Part of body with pain • Lost work time from pain Methods

  9. Rates of musculoskeletal pain : • Prevalence : workers with 1 or more complaints per 100 workers • Incidence : number of complaints of pain per 100 Full-Time Equivalents (FTE) • Based on weeks of farm work during the past year • 1 FTEWB= 50 weeks Methods

  10. Results

  11. Survey response: • Operator participation rate: 69% • Crop worker participation rate: 94% • Weighted number of respondents (NWT): 15,128 hired crop workers Basic Survey Results

  12. 78% male • Average age = 33 years • 76% Mexican • 48% citizen or authorized worker • 60% <9th grade education • 57% settled (do not migrate) • 72% with 2 or more years US farm work • 35% were in California Basic Worker Demographics 1999-2004 (NWT=15,128)

  13. Farm work cases only • Workers with 1 or more reports of pain: • 2,762 workers • Crude prevalence = 18.3% • Musculoskeletal pain complaints (MPC): • 4,021 complaints • Crude incidence = 43.3 MPC/100 FTEWB Reports of Musculoskeletal Pain, 1999-2004

  14. Number of Musculoskeletal Pain Complaints by Workers With Pain*, 1999-2004 (WorkersWT = 2,762) *16 workers reported multiple complaints for the same body part during the prior year (total of 36 complaints).

  15. Distribution of Musculoskeletal Pain by Part of Body, 1999-2004 (ComplaintsWT = 4,021)

  16. Days of Restricted Activity From Musculoskeletal Pain, 1999-2004 (ComplaintsWT = 4,021)

  17. Annual Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain for Hired Crop Workers, 1999-2004

  18. Annual Incidence of Musculoskeletal Pain for Hired Crop Workers, 1999-2004

  19. * Region at time of interview. May not reflect region where the cases of musculoskeletal pain occurred.

  20. * Type of worker at time of interview. May not reflect worker’s status when cases of musculoskeletal pain occurred.

  21. * Experience at time of interview. May not reflect worker’s experience when cases of musculoskeletal pain occurred.

  22. * Health problems at time of interview. May not reflect worker’s health when cases of musculoskeletal pain occurred.

  23. * Crop at time of interview. May not reflect crop when cases of musculoskeletal pain occurred.

  24. * Task at time of interview. May not reflect task when cases of musculoskeletal pain occurred.

  25. Summary

  26. Musculoskeletal pain from farm work impacted an average of 18.3% of all US hired crop workers annually between 1999-2004. • The average incidence of musculoskeletal pain complaints was even higher—43.3 complaints/100 FTEWB. • While prevalence increased during this 5 year period, annual incidence rates were not statistically different. Summary

  27. Musculoskeletal pain was reported in the back most frequently (45% of complaints), followed by the lower extremities (19%). • 44% of all reported complaints of musculoskeletal pain resulted in 8 or more days of restricted work activity. Summary

  28. Groups with a high % of musculoskeletal pain complaints (ComplaintsWT = 4,021) • Workers 20-39 years old (55%) • Male (71%) • Mexican (76%) • Workers with 6th-8th grade education (32%) • Workers in California (38%)* • Settled workers (57%)* • Workers with 2+ years of US farm work experience (74%)* • Fruit, nut, vegetable workers (64%)* Summary * At time of interview.

  29. Groups at high risk of musculoskeletal pain per 100 FTEWB: • Workers <20 years old (62/100) • Workers ≥ 50 years old (55/100) • Females (68/100) • US Hispanics (56/100) • Worker with no formal education (67/100) • Shuttle migrant workers (70/100)* • Workers with <1 year of US farm work experience (97/100)* Summary * At time of interview.

  30. Groups at high risk of musculoskeletal pain per 100 FTEWB (continued): • Workers with 1 health problem (70/100)* • Workers with 2 or more health problems (108/100)* • Vegetable workers (51/100)* • Post-harvest workers (57/100)* Summary * At time of interview.

  31. Assess potential demographic and socio-economic risk factors for incidence of musculoskeletal pain: • Both univariate and multivariate • Adjust for weeks of farm work in the past year • Include specific reported health problems in model • Separate models for cases with different lengths of restricted work activity Future Work

  32. Examine additional years of NAWS musculoskeletal pain data: 2008-2010. • Re-examine 1999-2004 potential risk factors • Assess long term trends in prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal pain Future Work

  33. Questions?

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