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Conversion of forest to coffee-based Agroforestry in Indonesia:

UNIV. BRAWIJAYA. L itter layer, population density of earthworm and soil macroporosity. Widianto, K. Hairiah, W.S. Dewi, Hascaryo, D. Saputra, F.K. Aini, D. Suprayogo, N.Khasanah and M. van Noordwijk. Conversion of forest to coffee-based Agroforestry in Indonesia:. Suprayogo09@yahoo.com.

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Conversion of forest to coffee-based Agroforestry in Indonesia:

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  1. UNIV. BRAWIJAYA Litter layer, population density of earthworm and soil macroporosity Widianto, K. Hairiah, W.S. Dewi, Hascaryo, D. Saputra, F.K. Aini, D. Suprayogo, N.Khasanah and M. van Noordwijk Conversion of forest to coffee-based Agroforestry in Indonesia: Suprayogo09@yahoo.com

  2. Land Cover in Sumatra (West Lampung) Land Cover in East Java (Malang)

  3. Hydrology function of ‘forest’: cloud interception lanscape ? rainfall canopy water evaporation Forest transpiration surface evaporation tree through-fall surface run-on stem-flow Flow: { infiltrasi surface run-off Quick flow recharge sub-surfacelateral inflow Soil lateral outflow uptake base flow percolation

  4. Forest Agriculture:Monoculture / Polyculture Thickness of Surface Litter Slope and rainfall Decomposition & Mineralisation Protection to soil surface Earthworm Other macrofauna Macroporosity & Water Infiltration SOM Run - off Water Quality

  5. Reduced Run-off IF: • Good and long soil cover ~ Litter thickness, slowly decomposed litter • High soil roughness ~ branches, understorey • Good water infiltration ~ enough soil macro pore

  6. Purpose

  7. SUMATRA West Lampung JAVA Malang

  8. Survey 1.Forest 2.Multistrata coffee 4.Monoculture Coffee 3. Shaded coffee

  9. Do litter composition of LUS differs one to another? • Litterfall • Prunning

  10. Annual Litter Input in Sumatra

  11. Annual Litter input and its quality of various LUS in Java (L+P)/N > 10 low quality  slow decompose (Van Lauwe et al, 1997)

  12. Decomposition rate of litter

  13. Measurement of Earthworm Cast production weekly observed

  14. Anterior Genetal pore & TP Prostomium cocon Seta Dominant Spesies in Indonesian Agriculture: Pontoscolexcorethrurus Taken by: Dewi Total: 11 species Klitelum Taken by: Fragoso

  15. Earthworm population Number anecic + endogeic Forest: Amynthas gracillis & Peryonix excavatus (bigger size) Coffee based: Dichogaster bolaui (smaller size)

  16. Role of Earthworm and Roots on Macropore (Lavelle, 1997) (Van Noordwijk, 1985)

  17. Soil Macro porosity measurement (Methylen Blue), Feb. 2008

  18. 100 cm Macropore in- vertical plane Forest 30 cm 30 cm 30 cm 30 cm 20 % Coffee-based Agroforestry 8 % 6 % 12 % Coffee monoculture Imperata grassland

  19. Measurement of water infiltration

  20. Macroporosity and Infiltration

  21. Earthworm (Pontoscolex) vs Soil porosity

  22. Litter, earthworm, roots and Macropore Dewi et al., 2006) Macropore = 0.78 Roots – 15.6 B/Pnon-Pontoscolex+ 5.02 Litter thickness (R2 = 0.98**)  Managing Crop Diversity is the key factor for maintaining Soil macropore

  23. “SoilStructDyn” (as a part of WaNuLCAS model) Van Noordwijk et al, 2005 Litter Input (various shade trees in AF coffee based systems) LITTER LAYER Worm Biomass Worm size+po-pulation Worm Activity SOM Macro pore

  24. Estimation of “SoilStructDyn” Modelling

  25. Better litter layer improved soil macroporosity and Water infiltration • Improvement of macroporosity in AF ~ Size of Earthworms (anecic group) • A combination of trees with slowly decomposing litter protect the soil surface, and trees with deep root systems  create macroporosity

  26. Acknowledgement This activity was funded by ACIAR- ICRAF S.E. Asia, Ministry of Education (DIKTI- A2 Program) and CIFOR - Tropical Forest and Climate Change Adaptation (TroFCCA) project

  27. Thanks

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