33rd Annual Airport Conference NextGen 101: An overview of strategies, technology and concepts

1. NextGen Next Generation Air Transportation System 33rd Annual Airport ConferenceNextGen 101: An overview of strategies, technology and concepts Presented by: Pamela Whitley Manager,NextGenSolution Integration Group

2. 33rd Annual Airports ConferenceNextGen 101: Session Overview Introduction: What is NextGen? - Why is it so important? And, why is now the right time? Part 1: Strategies for the implementation of the transformation of the entire national air transportation system Part 2: What are the major technical components of the transition? Part 3: NextGen: The Airport View

3. The Current System is not Performing Adequately Travel woes continue: ‘We’ve got a problem’ Transportation boss tasked to ensure passengers treated fairly Airport Delays Worsen By MATTHEW L. WALD …delays at Newark Liberty and La Guardia are worse. • Demand remains high in already congested markets • Our air traffic system does not utilize current available technologies to: • Support aviation’s role in the national economy • Address aviation’s environmental impact

5. Gate to Gate video

6. The Need for NextGen… NAS Operations More than 750 Million Passengers in 2006

7. If We Do Nothing… Delays Increase * Delays projected using ATO Network Forecasts Assumes weather in 2012 and 2016 the same as 2006 * Projections assume no capacity improvements

8. For calendar year 2007 -$12 billion aviation-related jobs - $1.3 trillion in economic activity - 5.6 percent of Gross Domestic Product Aviation’s Impact on the U.S. Economy Drives the Importance of NextGenThe growth of the U.S. economy and civil aviation are vastly interrelated Click to View Video: Gate-to Gate Current system constraints contribute to continued congestion despite the decrease in traffic. NextGen will deliver system efficiencies during all phases of flight to address congestion and environmental concerns, while maintaining our focus on safety.

9. 100 90 80 70 Minimize the Environmental ImpactMore efficient aircraft movement will reduce the environmental impact Trends show that environmental impacts from aircraft noise and emissions need to managed or mitigated to increase airspace capacity and flexibility -- Increased efficiency with NextGen will lead to reduced fuel consumption, resulting in lower carbon emissions.

10. NexGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsPart 1 Objective: Provide an overview of FAA Strategies’ for the implementation of the transformation of the national air transportation system • Implementation of Portfolio Management • Strategic Plans includes Research and Development of concepts and new capabilities • Alignment: Air Traffic Management, Airports, The Aircraft • Partnership: Government and Industry working together

11. Portfolio Management FrameworkEnabling Activities: Seven Portfolio’s of activities focused on implementation of capabilities Trajectory Based Operations High Density Airports Flexible Terminals and Airports Collaborative Air Traffic Management Reduced Weather Impact Facilities Enabling Activities Applied Research  System Development  Prototypes  Demonstration  Concept Requirement Definition and more NextGen Portfolio Investment Decisions, Procedures, Requirements, Programs, Procedures, Benefits Data Acquisition Programs NextGen Transformational Programs Legacy Programs NextGen Infrastructure

12. Portfolio Management FrameworkAlignment between the NAS Enterprise Architecture and the Project Plan Service Roadmaps Functional Allocation Infrastructure Roadmaps Supporting Activities NextGen Work Plan

13. Air Traffic ControlThe Journey… to 4D Trajectory Based Operations Procedural Based Control: Control on Where We Think the Aircraft Is Surveillance Based Control: Control on Where We Know the Aircraft Is Trajectory Based Control: Control on Where We Know the Aircraft Will Be • Landmark Navigation • Radio Beacons • Position Reports • VOR/DME • RADAR • Performance Based Navigation • Aircraft Position Information

14. AirportsIntegrated Planning to maximize system efficiency • FY10: Integrate FACT Solutions with FAA Plans • Complete Airport Action Plans and coordination • Incorporate analyses of surface, gates, airspace • Previously identified by industry stake holders and others (e.g., GAO) as needing more detail • Integrate FACT results with broader FAA plans • NAS Enterprise Architecture, NextGen Implementation Plan, etc. • Prepare public report on FACT accomplishments • Formally completes FACT 1/2 analyses from problem ID to solution integration • Post-FY10: FACT 3 • Update the NAS-wide analysis of constrained airports • Expanded scope –include taxiways, gates, airspace • Integrated assessment of potential bottlenecks and solutions • Initial look at curb-to-gate issues

15. Aircraft EquipageEquipage is a Critical Component of the Implementation

16. SEA JFK SFO OAK LAX ATL MIA Integrated Planning and Prioritization for DeploymentAirspace and Procedures, Technology and Equipage

17. NextGen CollaborationFAA Response to RTCA Task Force Recommendations  • Improved situational awareness • Shared surface data Surface  • Consideration of equipage incentives • Streamlined procedures, deployment & approvals Overarching  • Parallel runway operations • Converging runway operations Runway Access NextGen Implementation Task Force Recommendations  Cross-Cutting • Data Comm • Integrated ATM  Metroplex • Integrated airspace & procedures   NAS Access • LPV approaches • Low altitude services Cruise • Special Activity Airspace • Time-based metering  Indicates FAA has published an action plan in response the recommendations in this focus area.

18. Integrated NextGen Portfolio ManagementIn order to integrate an NextGen investment management framework that is applicable to all initiatives the Solution Set Integration Group is implementing a top down PfM approach. • This approach will: • Identify all Enterprise Architecture and strategic goal dependencies on NextGen Portfolio investments • Allow for portfolio prioritization based on contribution to strategy and capability development • Provide a more realistic assessment of investment risk • Allow for robust reporting in context with stakeholder requirements

19. NexGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsPart 1 - Summary The FAA has implementation of Portfolio Management Framework that ensures alignment of investments with the NextGen Concept of Operations and optimization of available funding. The FAA is managing seven portfolios of projects called Enabling Activities the focus on evolution concepts, technology and transition planning to support final investment decisions for new technology the enable new operational capabilities. The transition to NextGen aligns planning for Air Traffic Management, Airports, and the Aircraft. Industry recommendations are incorporated in the FAA plans. (RTCA NextGen Mid-Term Task Force Recommendations have been formally addressed http://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/nextgen/media/FAA_TASKFORCE_RESPONSE_1-31-2010.pdf).

20. NextGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsPart 2 Objective: Provide an overview of the major technical components of the NextGen What are the Transformational Programs? How is the FAA upgrading an aging infrastructure? What are NextGen capabilities and how are they related to the Transformational Programs What are some key elements of the NextGen Mid-Term?

21. Transformational Programs ADS-B Automatic • Periodically transmits information with no pilot or operator input required Dependent • Position and velocity vector are derived from the Global Positioning System (GPS) Surveillance • A method of determining position of aircraft, vehicles, or other asset Broadcast • Transmitted information available to anyone with the appropriate receiving equipment Pilot Benefits Terrain and Moving runway maps Surface traffic, Weather and Critical flight information Increased Situational Awareness

22. Today’s ATC Surveillance System Traffic Alert & Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) 1030 MHz 1090 MHz 1090 MHz 1030 MHz 1030 MHz 1090 MHz 1030 MHz 170 sites 35 sites 249 sites Air Route Surveillance Radar (ARSR-1E, 2, 3, 4) Beacon Interrogator (BI-5, 6) Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE-X) Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR-7, 8, 9, 11) Beacon Interrogator (BI-5, 6, Mode-S) USG(FAA, DOD, DHS) FAA USG(FAA, DOD, DHS) 22

23. ADS-B and Uplink Broadcast Services SatNav Using GPS/WAAS ADS-B “Out” Messages • Uplink Broadcasts: • - FIS-B Flight Information Service • TIS-B Traffic Information Service • ADS-R ADS Rebroadcast (cross-link) ADS-B “In” And “Out” Receive ADS-B SBS Radio Stations (~ 800 sites) SBS Service Provider Surveillance Data From Multiple Sources Weather and NAS Status Data Sources USG (FAA, DOD, DHS, etc.) 23

24. Transformational ProgramsDATA Communications (DATA COMM)

25. FTI SWIM Compliant Government System SWIM Compliant Non-Government System FAA Systems SWIM Core Services and Standards Transformational ProgramsSystem Wide Information Management (SWIM) Today Host ETMS WARP IDS/ERIDS ASDE-X Enterprise Management ATOP ERAM STARS/ ARTS/ TAMR CIWS Business as Usual(NextGen without SWIM) - More unique, point-to-point interfaces - Costly development, test, maintenance, CM - New decisions linked to old data constructs - Cumbersome data access outside of NAS Inter-Agency TMA TFM - Existing point-to-point, hardwired NAS - Unique interfaces, custom designs

26. Transformational ProgramsNextGen Network Enabled Weather (NNEW) Establishes the Framework to integrate Weather Information for ATM

27. Transformational ProgramsNAS Voice Switch (NVS) Universal High Altitude Airspace (UHAA) High Performance Airspace Mixed Performance Airspace Traditional Airspace VOICE VOICE VOICE UAS Pilots UAS Pilots Underlying Communications Network Network Management Ops Center Air Traffic Center • Provides networked voice communications that supports the evolution to NextGen operations • Replaces existing voice switches at En Route, Terminal, and support facilities with network-capable switches to enable flexible voice communications • Linkages support sharing of airspace within and across facility boundaries

28. NextGen 2018Operating in the Mid-Term Some High-lights • Improved operations for all users • Increased situational awareness • Improved flight planning with common access to real-time information • More opportunities to accommodate operator preferences • Pre-departure clearances as well as en route information will be available via Data Comm • Increase use of simultaneous operation on closely spaced parallel runways • Optimize flight profiles including precise arrival and departure paths will improve safety, capacity, and efficiency • Improved surface data sharing supports safe aircraft and vehicle movement More information available at www.faa.gov

29. NextGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsPart 2 - Summary The FAA is currently upgrading an aging infrastructure. Transformational Programs include: ADS-B, Data Communications, System-wide information management, NextGen Networked Enabled Weather, NAS Voice Switch, and Collaborative Air Traffic Management. NextGen capabilities are increments of operational improvements the build on the infrastructure improvement provided by the Transformational Programs. Some key elements of the NextGen Mid-Term include installation of the ADS-B ground infrastructure, initial Data Communications, improved surface traffic management and more efficient use of the ground resources (ie. runways)

30. NexGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsPart 3 Objective: Provide an overview of NextGen elements the are inherent to Airports. What are some of the key challenges for the Airport Community? What are some of the efforts underway or planned in the near future? The FAA leveraging the existing infrastructure where appropriate, such as approach lighting, ASDX, aircraft avionics, etc.

31. Improved Surface OperationsSupports system efficiency and helps balance system capacity and demand Operational Improvement planned (2010-2015) • Improve Runway Safety Situational Awareness for Controllers (OI 103207) • Improve Runway Safety Situational Awareness for Pilots (OI 103208) • Enhanced Surface Traffic Operations (OI 104207) • Initial Surface Traffic Operations (OI 104209) Benefits – Increases Efficiency: • Sequencing and Scheduling • Taxi Routing • Runway Assignments • Airport Configuration Management • Departure Routing • External Data Exchange • Safety

32. Improving Situational Awareness Pilots and Controllers benefit from data sharing and improved aircraft location information • Improve situational awareness for Controllers • ADS-B/Traffic Information Service Broadcast (TIS-B) • ASDE-X or Low Cost Ground Surveillance • Improve situational awareness for Pilots • Moving Map with Own ship information • Runway Status Lights (RWSL) • Enhanced Flight Visions Systems for Taxi & Surface Movement

33. Improving Situational AwarenessADS-B Traffic Information Service (TIS-B) • Advisory information only - provides surveillance information derived from ground-based sensors to aircraft/vehicles equipped with ADS-B avionics • Provides data on non-ADS-B aircraft and aircraft with dissimilar links (UAT and 1090ES) • Conserves data link bandwidth • Eliminates need for avionics to identify and suppress ownship “radar shadow” • Multi-sensor fusion tracker does radar/ADS-B association • Multiple different sensors • Seamless overlapping coverage • Smooth track and high update rate • Also used to validate ADS-B reported state data • TIS-B messages broadcast to ADS-B transmitting aircraft • Below FL250 • Within 15 nm and +/3500 ft

34. Improving Situational AwarenessASDE-X – Airport Surface Detection Equipment • ASDE-X enables air traffic controllers to detect potential runway conflicts by providing detailed coverage of movement on runways and taxiways. By collecting data from a variety of sources, ASDE-X is able to track vehicles and aircraft on the airport movement area and obtain identification information from aircraft transponders. • Sites: All 35 Major Airports before FY10 • Benefits: Increases Safety and Efficiency

35. Improving Situational AwarenessLow Cost Ground Surveillance (Prototype) LCGS is being evaluated as a low cost ground surveillance alternative to ASDE-X to improve situational awareness at airports where deployment of surface surveillance equipment is not currently planned. Pilot Sites: Manchester, NH (MHT) San Jose , CA (SJC) Reno, NV (RNO) Long Beach, CA (LGB) Benefits- Increases Safety and Efficiency

36. Improving Situational AwarenessSurface Moving Maps (R&D) Electronic Flight Bag with Moving Map with Own ship Augmented GPS technology provides the capability for the surface moving map (SMM) to show pilots their actual positions (own ship) on the airport surface PICTURE OF MOVING MAP HERE

37. Improving Situational AwarenessRunway Status Lights (RWSL) The RWSL system is an array of red lights deployed at taxiway/runway intersections, runway/runway intersections and runway takeoff and hold positions that are automatically driven by airport surface surveillance sensors (ASDE-X, ASDE-3, and ASR-9) to warn pilots and vehicle operators that a runway is unsafe to enter or cross or that it is unsafe to depart.

38. Improving Situational AwarenessEnhanced Vision Systems (EVS) for Taxi EVS is being examined for taxi in low visibility conditions The technology enhances safety and situational awareness in most low-visibility conditions, including night and poor weather, providing the pilot with a significantly enhanced view over that of the human eye Enhances safety and situational awareness in low-visibility conditions, including night and poor weather, providing the pilot with a significantly enhanced view over that of the human eye.

39. Improving Surface Traffic OperationsEnhanced Surface Traffic Management Surface Traffic Management (STM) provides situational awareness information to and data exchange among airport stakeholders (ATCT, TRACON, ARTCC, ramp towers, and airline operational control centers). STM displays aircraft surveillance and flight plan information, and generates predictions to provide decision support to the user. Collaborative STM is a critical first step toward Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) on the airport surface • In the mid-term timeframe STM will enable pre-departure clearance via DataComm to include routing revisions, not just initial departure clearances • Benefits - Increased Efficiency • Demonstrations of STM are currently being conducted at Memphis and Orlando (includes initial build of airline data sharing for collaboration capabilities)

40. Surface TBO DemonstrationImproves situational awareness on the airport surface Dynamic Graphical Display of: • Aircraft Positions • Departure Queues • Arrival Demand • Holding Flights (Surface and Airborne) • Closed Taxiways • Scheduled Flights Useful information for ATC: • Planning Runway Configurations • Runway Assignments • Sequencing • Gate/Ramp Congestion Management • Taxiway Management Useful information for Flight Ops: • Inbound Arrival Time Prediction • Outbound Staging of Flights

41. Surface TBO DemonstrationEnables local sharing of surface data between Flight Operators and ATC From Flight Operator  ATC • Parking Gate Assignment/Spot • Scheduled Push-back Time • Pre-push-back Status • Acceptable CDRs • Local Slot Substitutions • Gate/Ramp Conflict Resolution From ATC  Flight Operator • Assigned Off Times • Predicted On and In Times • Runway Assignments • Traffic Management Initiatives • Gate/Ramp Conflict Alert

42. Current Action Plan Conduct Analysis to explore expanded use of SATNAV and/or ILS to support CSPO Conduct analysis of airports to identify additional airports that may meet the published criteria in FAA Order 7110.308 (dependent staggered approaches < 2500’) Conduct additional engineering studies to evaluate approving additional aircraft for staggered approaches Benefits- Increase Capacity Improve Closely Spaced Parallel Runway OperationsConverging and Intersecting Runway Operational Improvement planned (2010-2015) Improve Closely Spaced Parallel Runway Operations (OI 102141)

43. Closely Spaced High-level Objective 43

44. Improve Closely Spaced Parallel Runway OperationsConverging and Intersecting Runway Improvements using SATNAV and wake mitigation procedures (current action plan) Expands capability for Required Navigation Performance (RNP), Localizer performance with vertical guidance (LPV), and ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) landing system (GLS) for parallel approach applications Update FAA Order to allow RNAV/RNP/LPV/GLS or ILS for independent operations to 3000 ft Pending results of the current action plan - SATNAV may provides more options for ATC and operators during instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). These additional options increase the chance of maintaining higher throughput when needed to support the demand

45. Improved Approaches and Low-Visibility Operations • Operational Improvement planned (2010-2015) • GBAS Precision Approaches (OI 107107) • EFVS below Decision Altitude to 100 Feet (OI 107117) • LPV Approaches (OI 107117) • RNP and RNP AR Approaches (OI 107117) • Expanded Low-Visibility Operations Using Lower RVR Minima (OI 107119) Benefits • Increase access • Capacity • Efficiency

46. Improved Approaches and Low-Visibility OperationsGBAS Provides local corrections to GPS in order to improve accuracy, integrity and availability of the navigation service for Category I, and eventually to Category II/III, including those not served by ILS, perhaps due to siting constraints. • In September the FAA approved the Honeywell GBAS SLS-4000 design was approved by FAA for use in the NAS, for non-fed Category I • GBAS Cat I Path to implementation includes government industry partnerships to procure ground equipment, site survey and preparation, installation & checkout, facility approval, instrument approach design, flight inspection, avionics integration and user equipage, controller and maintainer training, safety risk management approval, and coordination with all applicable authorities • Currently under demonstration at Newark and Memphis. (Other sites are being examined)

47. Improved Approaches and Low-Visibility OperationsEnhanced Flight Visual Systems Decision Altitude to 100 Feet Infrared sensor technology is currently used in EFVS to provide a pilot with an enhanced visual image and allow him/her to see, in certain low visibility conditions, the visual references necessary to continue an instrument approach to 100 feet above the airport surface. Will further increase access to runways in low visibility conditions when pilots would otherwise be unable to discern the required visual references.

48. Improved Approaches and Low-Visibility OperationsLPV Approaches/ RNP and RNP AR Approaches • Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance Providing airports with approaches with vertical guidance capabilities provides significantly increases in access, predictability, and efficiency for aircraft that operate in those locations • RNP and RNP AR Approaches RNP and RNP AR approaches are performance-based operations that are design to meet the needs of the airspace or airport in terms of efficiency and safety

49. Total 1800 RVR Approaches/Airports Affected 449 Additional 1800 RVRApproaches 370 Additional 1800 RVRAirports 202 168 + 44 414 225 224 + 73 522 168 + 44 212 224 + 73 297 44 Total 73 Total

50. NexGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsPart 3 - Summary Objective: Provide an overview of NextGen elements the are inherent to Airports. The FAA is addressing many of the challenges faced by the Airport community through the use of new and existing technology. The FAA is working with many stakeholders to implement operational improvements that will improve efficiency and system capacity. Concepts and technology that improve access to airports are essential to the implementation of NextGen. The FAA is leveraging the existing infrastructure where appropriate, such as approach lighting, ASDX, aircraft avionics, etc.