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Bellwork April 28, 2014

Bellwork April 28, 2014. Make a list of everything that you know about MLK and Birmingham I know that you have talked about this in other classes. Growth. New wave of activity began to sweep across the nation on the 1960s Segregation was in both the North and the South

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Bellwork April 28, 2014

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  1. Bellwork April 28, 2014 • Make a list of everything that you know about MLK and Birmingham • I know that you have talked about this in other classes

  2. Growth • New wave of activity began to sweep across the nation on the 1960s • Segregation was in both the North and the South • Whites and African Americas lived in different neighborhoods • Children attended different schools • Activists began to spread the goal of combatting discrimination and racism in the North

  3. Sit-in • High School and College students staged 80 sit-ins • Against stores that practiced segregation • Wanting to end the disruption to the businesses, store managers agreed to desegregate • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) • Launched by sit-ins • Lead by Ella Baker

  4. Freedom Rides • Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) • Wanted to guarantee that the Supreme Court order to desegregate buses was being enforced • May 4, 1961 • Group of African American and White CORE members left D.C. on two buses bound for New Orleans • Called themselves Freedom Riders • Went smoothly until Alabama • Angry whites stoned and beat the freedom riders • Robert Kennedy asked CORE to stop for a while for a “cooling off period” • James Farmer responded “we have been cooling off for 350 years. If we cool off any more we will be in a deep freeze”

  5. Violence • Freedom Riders continued and met more violence in Birmingham and Montgomery • Jackson, Mississippi • National Guard units were waiting • As the Freedom Riders left the bus and tried to enter the whites-only room they were arrested for trespassing and jailed • Despite this they kept going all summer • Interstate Commerce Commission took steps to ensure enforcement of the Supreme Court ruling • Banned segregation on interstate buses and in bus stations

  6. Universities • African Americans continued to apply pressure • Spurred Kennedy to take a more active role • 1962- Federal Court Ordered the University of Mississippi to enroll its first African American student, James Meredith • Governor Ross Barnett, with the aid of the state prevented Meredith from enrolling • Kennedy sent federal marshals to escort Meredith to the campus • Riots erupted

  7. Universities • Mob stormed the administration building armed with guns and rocks • Marshals fought back with tear gas and night sticks • Meredith was registered • 2 people were killed • Federal troops were stationed at the university to protect him until he graduated in 1963

  8. Universities • June 1963 • University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa • Governor George Wallace • Vowed to stand in the school house door to block integration of the university • Kennedy sent out the Nation Guard and Wallace backed down

  9. Birmingham • Spring 1963 MLK and SCLC targeted Birmingham for a desegregation protest • Police arrested hundreds of demonstrators, including King • Demonstrations continued • During his 2 weeks in jail, King wrote “Letter from Birmingham Jail” • Police set snarling police dogs on unarmed demonstratorsand washed small children across the street with powerful fire hoses • Kennedy sent 3,000 troops to restore peace

  10. June 11, 1963 • Jackson, Mississippi • Medgar Evers • State field secretary for the NAACP • Murdered • The events in Alabama and the murder forced Kennedy into action • Appearing on T.V. he spoke of the “moral issue” facing the nation • Day later Kennedy introduced new legislation giving all Americans the right to be served in public paces and barring discrimination in employment

  11. Closure #5 • Imagine you were present for the violent protests that we discussed today: • How would they make you feel? • How would you react? • Would you have been a bystander or a demonstrator? • Do you think something like this could happen today? Why or Why not?

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