Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

Session 3 Elaboration of Element A of the UNFCCC/LEG technical guidelines for the NAP process HUANG Wenhang, Director Division of International Cooperation, Department of Climate Change, National Development and Reform Commission, P.R. China Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop Marriott Resort and Spa, Pattaya, Thailand, 17-20 February 2014

China’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy • Background • Framework • Key tasks • Regional layout • Supporting measures • Follow-up actions Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

1. Background • Global: • Huge impact of climate change on eco-system and socio-economic development; • Increasing attention from the international community on adaptation. • China: • The world’s largest developing country with a large population, complicated climatic conditions and a vulnerable ecological system; • Still in the process of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and the fast-developing modern agriculture; • Faced with huge challenges posed by climate change on food, water, ecosystem, energy, city management and people's lives and property. • Climate change adaptation is an arduous task for China; even worse, the community as a whole still shows weak adaptation awareness and ability. • 12th FYP spells out the objective of enhancing the country's ability to adapt to climate change and formulating a national adaptation strategy. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

1. Background • Development of NAS: • Started under the 11th 5YP Backbone Science Project ‘Key Technique Research on Climate Change Impact and Adaptation’; • Study on National Strategy of Climate Change Adaptation published in 2011; • At the COP 19 in Warsaw, His Excellency XieZhenhua, Vice Chairman of NDRC, announced China’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NAS) jointly issued by nine ministries and commissions such as NDRC, MOF, MOA. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

2. Framework • In this strategy, adaptation objectives, key tasks, regional layout and safeguarding measures are proposed based on a full assessment of the current and future impact of climate change in China and by aligning with the national guidelines and principles in response to climate change, in an effort to provide guidance for a well-balanced adaptation initiative. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

Climate Change Facts in China Temperature Precipitation 气温距平∕℃ 降水量距平∕mm Precipitation anomaly in 1961-2009（mm） Year 年份/Year Temperature anomaly in 1961-2009(℃) Data source：Beijing Climate Center Precipitation trend in 1961-2009 （mm/10a） Temperature trend in 1961-2009 （℃/10a）

Agro-meteorological Disaster Loss 干旱/Drought 洪涝/Flooding

有无雨养灌溉 A2 B2 Yield changes With CO2 fertilization (Wheat-A2) Different water conditions (maize—with CO2 fertilization) Different scenarios (Rice—irrigation)

2. Framework • Current work progress: • Policies and regulations related to climate change adaptation have been introduced. • Progress has been made in infrastructure construction. • Adaptation efforts in the related fields have moved forward. • Ecological restoration and protection have been strengthened. • Monitoring and early warning systems were rolled out. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

2. Framework • Deficiencies: • The supportive system is not in place. • Infrastructure cannot meet the adaptation requirements. • Adaptation needs to be improved in sensitive and vulnerable areas. • Measures for eco-protection should be strengthened. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

2. Framework • Guidelines and principles: • Highlighting the priorities • Active adaptation • Reasonable adaptation • Synergy and collaboration • Broad engagement Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

2. Framework • Major objectives: • Improve the adaptation ability significantly • Fully implement all key tasks • Shape a regional adaptation network Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

3. Key Tasks • With regards to the impact of climate change on different sectors and the basics of adaptation work, key adaptation tasks shall be identified and executed, while pilot and demonstration projects will be conducted in selected eligible areas, seeking and spreading effective practices to guide and propel gradual adaptation. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

3. Key Tasks I) Infrastructure: • Risk management should be redoubled. • The relevant standards should be modified. • Disaster response systems shall be improved. • Urban lifeline systems should be well planned. Project Proposal: 1. Shanghai pilot and demonstration adaptation project for defensive infrastructure against extreme weather conditions 2. Guangdong pilot and demonstration adaptation project for urban disaster response system against natural disasters 3. Yunnan pilot and demonstration adaptation project for disaster response system against disasters in rural areas 4. Hebei pilot and demonstration adaptation project for urban water systems construction Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

3. Key Tasks II) Agriculture: • Measures should be taken to intensify monitoring and early warning as well as disaster prevention and mitigation. • Adaptability should be improved across the farming sector. • Rational guidance should be given on the development of livestock and aquaculture breeding. • Efforts should be made to secure agricultural development. Project Proposal: 5. Jilin pilot and demonstration adaptation project for black land protection and treatment in major grain production areas 6. Heilongjiang pilot and demonstration adaptation project for benefiting from climate change 7. Inner Mongolia pilot and demonstration adaptation project for animal husbandry development in typical steppe Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

3. Key Tasks III) Water resources: • Protection of water resources and treatment of soil erosion should be intensified. • Water allocation should be well planned. • Flood and drought management systems should be bettered. Project Proposal: 8. Jiangxi pilot and demonstration adaptation project for water conservation in the Poyang Lake 9. Xinjiang pilot and demonstration adaptation project for prevention and control of snowmelt floods Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

3. Key Tasks IV) Coastal zones and associated seas: • Rationally develop marine resources. • Protect and restore coastal ecosystem and vegetation. • Strengthen marine disaster monitoring and early warning. Project Proposal: 10. Hainan pilot and demonstration adaptation project for ecological restoration and marine disaster emergency Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

3. Key Tasks V) Forests and other ecosystem: • Refine forestry planning. • Improve forest management. • Effectively curb forest disasters. • Promote a virtuous cycle of grassland ecosystem. • Intensify ecological protection and governance. Project Proposal: 11. Sichuan pilot and demonstration adaptation project for forest conservation and management 12. Ningxia pilot and demonstration adaptation project for ecological migration 13. Guangxi pilot and demonstration adaptation project for rocky desertification prevention and control Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

3. Key Tasks VI) Human health: • Epidemic prevention systems shall be bettered. • Monitoring and evaluation as well as public information services should be provided. • Emergency response systems should be reinforced. Project Proposal: 14. Chongqing pilot and demonstration adaptation project for disease prevention and control system Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

3. Key Tasks VII) Tourism and other industries: • Safeguard industrial safety. • Properly develop and protect tourism resources. • Take the advantages to boost tourism. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

4. Regional Layout • According to the land development program specified in the planning for national main functional areas and in full consideration of the impact of climate change on people's production and living across different geographies, specific adaptation tasks are put forward, with the whole country divided into three kinds of adaptation regions, respectively urbanized region, agricultural region and ecological region. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

4. Regional Layout I) Urbanized region: • Refers to the populous areas featuring high population density and city clusters of scale. • Can be divided into eastern, central and western areas based on different climatic and geographic conditions. • Key task for this group is to enhance urbanization while enabling urban infrastructure’s adaptation, improving people's living conditions and protect people's safety in their lives and in production. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

Agricultural region Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

4. Regional Layout II) Agricultural region: • Refers to the main producing areas of major agricultural products, where the population density is relatively small and large-scale urban agglomerations have not yet taken shape, along with better conditions for agricultural production. • Based on different climatic and geographic conditions, divided into the Northeast Plain area, the North China Plain area, the Yangtze River basin area, the Fenhe River-Weihe River alluvial plains, the Hetao area, Xinjiang-Gansu area and South China. • Key task for areas within this group is to ensure farm produce supply and the people’s wellbeing. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

Agricultural region Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

4. Regional Layout III) Ecological security region: • Refers to the typical ecological areas featuring less human activities, scarce development and great significance for national or regional ecological security. • According to different climatic and geographic conditions, the group is classified into the northeast forest belts, the northern sand shelterbelts, the Loess Plateau-Sichuan-Yunnan ecological zone, southern hilly and mountainous area, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau eco-zone. • This region is defined to safeguard China’s national ecological security and promote harmony between man and nature. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

Ecological security region Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

5. Safeguarding Measures • This strategy serves to provide guidance on policies and institutional arrangements for adaptation to climate change. All local agencies and authorities concerned shall align the existing policies and institutions to the strategy, developing the work mechanisms, funding policy, technical support and international cooperation systems to safeguard adaptation actions. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

5. Safeguarding Measures I) Improve the institutions: • develop a sound legal system for adaptation; • develop an index system for comprehensive evaluation of adaptability; • incept management systems together with supervision and review mechanisms; • mainstream adaptation tasks into development plan; • formulate adaptation programs at all levels; • develop a sound mechanism to co-ordinate adaptation efforts; • establish a multi-disciplinary, multi-dimensional expertise committee. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

5. Safeguarding Measures II) Build up capacity: • analyze climate change-related risks in key fields; • build and improve climate observation, monitoring, forecast and early warning systems • enhance the capacity in disaster emergency response and relief; • apply management information system and technology; • advance science education and public awareness campaigns. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

5. Safeguarding Measures III) Redouble fiscal and financial policy support: • play the guiding role of public financial resources; • increase financial support for adaptation capacity building and major technological innovation; • identify jurisdictions for adaptation to climate change; • exempt the financial expenditure burden on economically backward regions; • implement and refine tax incentives to encourage the various market players to get engaged in adaptation; • boost climate financial markets and encourage the development of climate-related services and products. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

5. Safeguarding Measures IV) Strengthen technical support: • strengthen the construction of research institutions related to adaptation to climate change, • improve climate change monitoring, prediction estimates, impact and risk assessment and development of adaptation technologies; • actively demonstrate and popularize simple, workable and efficient adaptation technologies; • create the interdisciplinary, cross-industry, cross-regional collaborative network of adaptation technologies; • develop the adaptation technology system, guide and toolkit. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

5. Safeguarding Measures V) Initiate international cooperation: • actively guide and participate in global and regional cooperation as well as international standards setting; • carry out typical case studies and work with all parties for multi-channel, multi-level and diversified collaboration; • provide guide and support for adaptation cooperation between domestic and foreign enterprises and civil organizations; • actively take part in the financial mechanism within and beyond the UNFCCC and cooperation projects launched by other international organizations; • foster research and development of key technologies for adaptation through international mechanisms; • carry out extensive South-South cooperation. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

5. Safeguarding Measures VI) Organization and implementation: • the development and reform authorities take charge of the organization and coordination of the strategy implementation, collaborating with the relevant departments of the State Council in the preparation of division of labor according to the strategic plan, with clear responsibilities assigned to each department; • the relevant departments of the State Council implement the related tasks in accordance with the division of labor, preparing climate change adaptation programs for the corresponding departments and sectors and ensuring strict implementation; • provincial climate change adaptation programs should be developed according to the principles and tasks identified in the strategy. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

6. Follow-up actions • To expire in 2020, subject to timely adjustments and modifications in accordance with the changing situation and actual needs. • To serve as a guideline in developing regional and sectoral climate change adaptation strategy, planning and action plan; • To organise field studies, research and discussions for the prioritised and vulnerable regions and sectors, to carry on further strategic studies, and to lay a solid foundation for revising the existing strategy or for developing new strategies. Session 3 Elaboration of Element A Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

Thank You ! Session 3 [Session title] Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop