GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA

1. GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA

2. LOCATION • DISTANCE AND PHYSICAL BARRIERS=LIMITED CONTACT OF OTHER CIVILIZATIONS

3. THERE WAS SOME CONTACT… • SPREAD OF BUDDHISM • IDEAS AND TECHNOLOGY • TRADE CARAVANS

4. PHYSICAL BARRIERS NORTH -GOBI DESERT SOUTH AND WEST -HIMALAYAS EAST -EAST CHINA SEA/PACIFIC OCEAN

5. Climate • Affected by monsoons • -Two crops of millet(whole grain), wheat, and rice a year • -Significance of rice • -Don’t need much • -Strong family to work fields

6. Landforms • Mountains and plateaus cover 80% of China!! (most of Western) • -leads to nomadic herders and scarce pop. in west • 20% of China is level-only half of that is good for farming • -importance??

7. The Regions!! • The Heartland (not Chevrolet) -North and South China -Each grow different crops N: wheat & millet S: tea, rice, cotton, veggies, etc.

9. What’s the longest river in China??? The Yellow River!! Actually it is the Yangtze. • The Yangtze (long river) -3rd largest in world -suffering from soil erosion -cleaner than the Yellow -400 million peeps!!!

10. 2)The Yellow… -120 million peeps -name from the muddiness -very susceptible to flooding

11. Three Gorges “Darling” Dam -Construction began in 1994 -Largest hydroelectric dam in world -26+billion U.S.cost

12. LAST CHANCE TO TAKE YOUR DAM NOTES ProsCons -flood control -where have all the Chinese gone?? -more HE power –environmental

13. The Enduring Traditions… • The Great Yellow Flood • -7 Year Flood • -Yu (no, not you) dug canals and planted trees • -Did not stop for 13 years!! • -Reward-his own dynasty!! • -The Xia (shee ah)

14. The Early Ones • The Shang *Anyang* -Agricultural revolution (oh yeah!!) -Extended their power over smaller, weak farming villages -Paved the way for dynastic rule-more than 3,500 years

15. The Shang bone is connected to the Zhou bone • Overthrew Shang dynasty • 900 year rule • Mandate of Heaven • -heaven granted a ruler the right to rule and in return, people must give complete loyalty

16. The Zhou Dynasty • During this time, all major three schools of thought developed • Broke up into several warring states • State of Qin came out on top • -Shi Huangdi – “First Emperor”

17. The Shi Huangdi told me to do it • Legalist principles • -What does that mean?? • Single law code, weight and measurement standards, and currency

18. Legalism • Also concerned with politics • Believed in power-not virtue • Harsh laws i.e. punishment fits the crime • All people are selfish and untrustworthy

19. The Shi Huangdi cont’d • Fought for control of knowledge • -Banned all books except Legalists • -Extended Great Wall • -Forced peasant labor

20. NO MORE HUANGDI • Huangdi died-revolts occurred • After 8 years of fighting, Liu Bang, a peasant leader, overthrew the Qin • Establishment of the Han Dynasty-400 year rule

21. THE HANS THAT FEED YOU • Increased size of Silk Road • Restored Confucian learning • Gov’t run by most talented and educated men • Return of the Civil Service system

22. Han Achievements • Calendar improvement • Seismograph • Medical Schools • Acupuncture • Paper

23. 600 Years of Tang and Song • Economy prospered • Long periods of peace and

24. Tang and Song Achievements • Conquered Vietnam • Spread influence to Korea and Japan • Chinese poetry

25. Duties to the Fam.-take notes • Family central to society • Role fixed at birth • Elderly had privilege/power • Children must obey w/o ? • Women treated as inferiors

27. Confucius • China’s best known philosopher • Disorder and suffering caused by constant warfare • Developed ideas how to end war and restore peace -Analects

28. The Five Relationships • Ruler and Ruled • Father and Son • Older brother and younger brother • Husband and Wife • Friend and Friend One of these things is not like the other. Which one???

29. What was the role of the Chinese service system? You may use your notes/outline. Please write down your response on a sheet of paper and pass it forward to be collected.

30. Isolationism • The Middle Kingdom • -Between heaven and hell • -Anyone living beyond China’s borders “barbarians” Mr. Gravina in Cape May shape

31. European Imperialism (AGAIN!!) • The Brits wanted a piece of action in China • Kowtow- a symbol showed by foreigners that they were inferior. Brits refused to bow low

32. The Opium War YES!!! • Angered, the Brits sold opium to the Chinese • Other Euro countries also involved A stoned Chinaman

33. The Opium War Cont’d • China’s gov’t reaction • Many Chinese now addicted • Forced to pass harsh laws • Smugglers and users faced death penalty • 1839, Chinese blew up a British ship in transport

34. The Opium War Cont’d • Brits saw this as an act of war • China no match for British navy, weapons, and technology

35. The End of the Opium War Treaty of Nanjing • First of many unequal treaties • China forced to accept ALL terms of treaty -China’s emperor forced to pay for lost opium -Loss of Hong Kong

36. Don’t be Confused with Confucius • Just one of the many Chinese philosophers • Laozi(LOWD-ZOO) founded Daoism “The Way”

37. Down with Lao • People should withdraw from the world and contemplate nature. • People could then understand the Dao and live in harmony

38. How do Daoism and Confucianism compare and contrast Mr. Gravina? • Similarities-1)no material wealth 2)Encouraged balance in life 3)1st and 2nd in importance • Differences-1)D-shunned politics 2)C-only concerned with politics, education, social issues

39. The Great Silk (not velvet) Road • Pathway where goods were exchanged between China and the Mediterranean • Why would this road be dangerous to cross??