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Osterhout (1997) B&L

Osterhout (1997) B&L. On the brain response to syntactic anomalies: Manipulations of word position and word class reveal individual differences. N400. Kutas & Hillyard (1980) Science = First published N400 in response to semantically anomalous words in sentences

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Osterhout (1997) B&L

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  1. Osterhout (1997) B&L On the brain response to syntactic anomalies: Manipulations of word position and word class reveal individual differences

  2. N400 Kutas & Hillyard (1980) Science = First published N400 in response to semantically anomalous words in sentences Kutas & Hillyard (1984) Nature = First published demonstration that N400 amplitude reflects degree of semantic anomaly

  3. P200 response to next word Next word presented (SOA = 650 msec) N400 • Osterhout (1997) TICS • Straightforward N400 • effect for anomalous word

  4. P200 response to next word Next word presented (SOA = 650 msec) P600 • Osterhout & Holcomb (1992) JML • Hagoort, Brown, & Groothusen • (1993) LCP • First published P600/(Syntactic • Positive Shift) in response to • ungrammatical words in sentences • Osterhout (1997) TICS • Straightforward (& huge!) P600 • effect for ungrammatical word

  5. N400 + P600 Osterhout (1997) TICS - Both components evoked by same word that has both semantic & grammatical problems in the context - Unusually clean! • P600 amplitude a bit lower, probably • because continuing N400 effect • pulls waveform more negative • N400 & P600 have very similar • scalp distributions

  6. Osterhout (1997) B&L Experiment 1 - Stimuli Semantic Anomaly The cats won’t EAT the food that Mary leaves them. The cats won’t BAKE the food that Mary leaves them. Agreement Violations They said you were wandering about and talking to YOURSELF (in Latin). They said you were wandering about and talking to MYSELF (in Latin).

  7. Stimulus Sentences Experiment 2 - Stimuli The boat sailed down the river and SANK (during the storm). Semantic Anomaly The boat sailed down the river and ATE (during the storm). Garden Path The boat floated down the river SANK (during the storm).

  8. Procedures/Design • Sentences presented word-by-word centrally • SOA = 650 msec (slow!) • End-of-sentence acceptability judgments • Expt 1 • N = 16 • 120 sets of 4 sentence versions in Agree Viol conds (30) • 60 sets of 2 sentence versions in Sem Anom conds (30) • So, 90 unacceptable + 90 acceptable sentences = 180 trials • No distractors • Expt 2 • N = 30 • 90 sets of 3 sentence versions in Sem Anom/GP conds (30) • Sentence length = between subjects manipulation • 60 sets of 2 sentence versions in Agree Viol conds (30) • 30 distractors (15 unacceptable) • So, 75 unacceptable + 75 acceptable + 30 ? = 180 trials

  9. N400 Osterhout (1997) B&LSemantic Anomalies • NOT typical N400 • scalp distribution • Too much frontal • negativity • Something else • going on, too

  10. But also Left Anterior Negativity (LAN)? P600 Reflexive Agreement Violations Pretty typical P600 scalp distribution

  11. Garden-Path SentencesGP word sentence-medial • GP sentences • = Reduced Relatives • N400 + P600 • in response to • GP word • Previously, • Osterhout got • only P600 for • these sentences

  12. Garden-Path SentencesGP word sentence-final Similar N400+P600 pattern for GP word More late positivity overall because final word in sentence

  13. Individual Differences • Grand means showed N400 followed by P600 • BUT, when looked at individual participant means, discovered that they showed either N400 or P600, but no one showed both • So grand means are quite misleading! • Unrelated to only individual difference measures collected • Gender • Handedness

  14. “P600” Participants OnlySentence-medial N = 12, Sentence-final N = 7 • Comparing ERPs to • the same word • Only difference is • 1 preceding word

  15. “N400” Participants OnlySentence-medial N = 2, Sentence-final N = 7 • Comparing ERPs to • the same word • Only difference is • 1 preceding word

  16. GP N400 is like Sem Anom N400

  17. Agree Viol P600 similar acrossall participants

  18. Osterhout (personal communication) has recently found that doing frequency decomposition of the EEG at the critical point in the good versions of the sentences & looking at the power in different frequency bands predicts whether a participant will show N400 or P600 in the GP sentences

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