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Scientific method

Scientific method. Steps of the Scientific Method. Make an observation Ask a question Form a hypothesis Experiment Test the Hypothesis Draw Conclusion Hypothesis Valid or Invalid Communicate Results Data. Hypothesis or Not?. Hypothesis or Not?.

olympia-clarke
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Scientific method

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  1. Scientific method

  2. Steps of the Scientific Method • Make an observation • Ask a question • Form a hypothesis • Experiment • Test the Hypothesis • Draw Conclusion • Hypothesis Valid or Invalid • Communicate Results • Data

  3. Hypothesis or Not?

  4. Hypothesis or Not? • Albert Einstein was the greatest scientist in history.

  5. Hypothesis or Not? • Bacteria will grow more quickly in a warm environment than a cold environment.

  6. Hypothesis or Not? • If a seed is exposed to acids with a pH less than 4, it will not germinate.

  7. Hypothesis or Not? • If a person takes vitamins each day, they will be healthier.

  8. Hypothesis or Not? • If a person lives in the Midwest, they will be friendlier than other people.

  9. Hypothesis or Not? • Growing a plant under a red light bulb will increase the rate at which it grows.

  10. Hypothesis or Not? • Raising the temperature of water will increase the speed in which Kool-Aid dissolves.

  11. Hypothesis or Not? • If a person plays the lottery, they will become rich.

  12. Hypothesis or Not? • Children who don’t watch TV are smarter than children who do watch TV.

  13. Hypothesis or Not? • If a person does cardio exercise three or more times per week, they will have a greater lung capacity than a person who does cardio exercise less than three times per week.

  14. Hypothesis or Not? • German Shepherds are friendlier than Great Danes.

  15. Hypothesis or Not? • A plant that is grown with fertilizer will grow taller than a plant grown without fertilizer.

  16. Hypothesis or Not? • Store brand batteries are able to run a battery-operated device, such as a portable fan, for the same amount of time as national brand batteries.

  17. Hypothesis or Not? • If you use Swifter Max solution, then your floors will look like new.

  18. Hypothesis or Not? • Hoodia is a natural supplement that will help people look fabulous.

  19. Hypothesis or Not? • A plant grown with salt added to its soil will be shorter than a plant grown with no salt added to its soil.

  20. Hypothesis—What is it? • Based on this activity, what is a hypothesis? • Write your response in the journal

  21. Do Hypothesis or Not Activity

  22. Developing a Hypothesis • Observe something • Ask a question • Think of controls and variables • Make it TESTABLE

  23. Is the Hypothesis Correct? • You can tell if your original hypothesis was correct if the outcome is proven by the experiment. • Data Supports your hypothesis • What kinds of data can you collect? • Qualitative • Quantitative • How can you organize it? • Graphs, Charts, and Tables

  24. Data Support Activity • Smart Lesson

  25. Sometimes Data is Odd… The Dread Tomato Addiction • by Mark Clifton • 92.4% of juvenile delinquents have eaten tomatoes. • 87.1% of the adult criminals in penitentiaries throughout the United States have eaten tomatoes. • Informers reliably inform that of all known American communists, 92.3% have eaten tomatoes. • 84% of all people killed in automobile accidents during the year 2006 had eaten tomatoes.

  26. Testing Promotional Claims • Activity

  27. Promotional Claim Example • Product: Red Bull • Promotional Claim: “It Gives You Wiiiings” • Hypothesis: If you drink Red Bull, you will grow wings

  28. Promotional Claim Example • Procedure: • Gather 20 people, and place them into two equal groups. • One group will drink Red Bull, the other will drink water. • Observe both groups for 3 hours after drinking. • Record any sudden growth of wings. • Independent Variable: People drinking Red Bull • Dependent Variable: Wings Growing • Control: Group drinking water

  29. Discussion • What is science? • What is the difference between a hypothesis and theory? • Are any of them unchangeable?

  30. SCIENTIFIC THEORIES AND THEIR EVIDENCE

  31. Cell Theory • What is Cell Theory? • Cell Theory: • All living things are made up of one or more cells. All cells arise from existing cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function for all organisms. • Evidence: • First formulated in 1839 • Began from the work of three scientists: Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow • Has since been verified by 1,000’s of scientists

  32. Evolutionary Theory • What is the theory of evolution? • Change in the heritable characteristics of a population across successive generations • Evidence: • Work of Charles Darwin (Finches) • Fossil Record • DNA Sequencing • Anatomical Similarities between life forms

  33. What is Gene Theory? • What is Gene Theory? • Traits are passed from parent to offspring via genes. • Evidence: • Work of Gregor Mendel on pea plants and other organisms • 1,000’s of scientists, since Mendel’s time, have conducted experiments that confirm this theory • New DNA technologies continue to confirm this theory and help us learn more about the role of genes in some diseases.

  34. Germ Theory of Disease • What is Germ Theory of Disease? • Microorganisms are the cause of some diseases. • Has led to important things such as antibiotics and good hygiene practices • Evidence: • Resulted from the work of numerous scientists, but is mainly attributed to the work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch • Microscopic observations and experimental evidence since late 1800’s continues to confirm this theory.

  35. Hypothesis or Theory • Activity

  36. Hypothesis Versus Theory • In your journal, create a Venn Diagram to distinguish between theories and hypotheses • Include examples of both • Define “science” in your own words

  37. Practice • http://www.ck12.org/concept/Scientific-Investigation/#artifact_title

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