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PART 3 – WORKING WITH SOURCEs

PART 3 – WORKING WITH SOURCEs. Integrating Sources Avoiding Plagiarism. How do I use information?. Record relevant information as you take notes Notes should be in the form of: Paraphrases Summaries Quotations Then, synthesize this source material with your own ideas and interpretations

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PART 3 – WORKING WITH SOURCEs

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  1. PART 3 – WORKING WITH SOURCEs Integrating Sources Avoiding Plagiarism

  2. How do I use information? • Record relevant information as you take notes • Notes should be in the form of: • Paraphrases • Summaries • Quotations • Then, synthesize this source material with your own ideas and interpretations • Be sure to avoid plagiarism

  3. paraphrasing • Paraphrase: Use your own words to restate a source’s ideas in some detail, presenting main idea, supporting points, and an example or two • Use when you want to present information without using exact words • Useful to make difficult material easier to understand with a good sense of original • Do not use exact language or syntax of the original • Do not include your own analysis or opinions • DOCUMENT THE SOURCE

  4. Paraphrasing ORIGINAL • An obvious question troubled, and continues to trouble, many people: how could an “encyclopedia that anyone can edit” possibly be reliable? Can truth be reached by a consensus of amateurs? Can a community of volunteers aggregate and assimilate knowledge . . . ?” PARAPHRASE • According to Katherine Mangu-Ward, there are serious questions about the reliability of Wikipedia’s articles because any user can add, change, or delete information. There is some doubt about whether Wikipedia’s unpaid and nonprofessional writers and editors can work together to create an accurate encyclopedia (22).

  5. summarizing • Summary: A brief restatement, in your own words, of a passage’s main idea • Much shorter than the original • Use your own words • Just the main idea • Not your own opinions or conclusions • DOCUMENT YOUR SOURCE

  6. SUMMARIZING ORIGINAL • An obvious question troubled, and continues to trouble, many people: how could an “encyclopedia that anyone can edit” possibly be reliable? Can truth be reached by a consensus of amateurs? Can a community of volunteers aggregate and assimilate knowledge . . . ?” SUMMARY • According to Katherine Mangu-Ward, Wikipedia’s reliability is open to question because anyone can edit its articles (22).

  7. QUOTING • When you quote, you use a writer’s exact words, including all punctuation, capitalization, and spelling • Enclose all words in quotation marks, and DOCUMENT YOUR SOURCE • When should I quote? • When original language is so memorable that paraphrasing lessens impact • When a paraphrase or summary would change the meaning of the original • When the original language adds authority to your discussion

  8. Integrating source material • Need to distinguish your own ideas from those of your sources. • Introduce source material and follow with appropriate documentation • Identifying Phrase can be at beginning, middle or at the end

  9. Integrating source material • Identifying Phrase at the Beginning • According to Jonathan Dee, Wikipedia is “either one of the noblest experiments of the Internet age or a nightmare embodiment of relativism and the withering of intellectual standards” (36). • Identifying Phrase in the Middle • Wikipedia is “either one of the noblest experiments of the Internet age,” Jonathan Dee comments, “or a nightmare embodiment of relativism and the withering of intellectual standards” (36). • Identifying Phrase at the End • Wikipedia is “either one of the noblest experiments of the Internet age or a nightmare embodiment of relativism and the withering of intellectual standards,” Jonathon Dee observes (36).

  10. synthesizing • When you write a synthesis, you combine paraphrases, summaries, and quotations from your sources with your own ideas. • Synthesis uses source material to support your ideas • See page 715 • Common knowledge: information that can be found in numerous reference books or is generally known by most people; common knowledge is not documented

  11. Avoiding plagiarism • Plagiarism occurs when a writer passes off the words or ideas of others as his or her own, whether intentionally or unintentionally • How do I avoid plagiarism? • Give yourself enough time to research/write • Begin with a research plan • Ask for help • Do not cut and paste directly into your paper • Set up a system that enables you to keep track of sources • Include full source information for all paraphrases and summaries as well as for quotations • Keep a list of all the sources you have downloaded or have taken information from • DOCUMENT ALL INFORMATION YOU BORROW

  12. AVOIDING PLAGIARISMwhat do I document? • YOU MUST DOCUMENT: • All word-for-word quotations from a source • All summaries and paraphrases of material from a source • All ideas- opinions, judgments, and insights – that are not your own • All tables, graphs, charts, statistics and images you get from a source • YOU DO NOT NEED TO DOCUMENT: • Your own ideas • Common knowledge • Familiar quotations

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