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From universal principles to global business practices

From universal principles to global business practices. Stuart Arnold QinetiQ Jonathan Earthy Lloyd’s Register INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly 2002. The changing system engineering paradigm.

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From universal principles to global business practices

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  1. From universal principles to global business practices Stuart Arnold QinetiQ Jonathan Earthy Lloyd’s Register INCOSE UK Autumn Assembly 2002

  2. The changing system engineering paradigm • De-emphasis of systems engineers in system development making all the system decisions - we all do system engineering • Life cycle thinking - don’t throw problems and cost over the wall • Simplistic sequence gives way to more realistic life cycle representations - linearity maps into hierarchy • Enterprise, project and engineering all influence a system - systems placed in an organisational context • Bounding the problem - system of interest, system elements, enabling systems • Life cycle management - synonymous with risk management and control

  3. ISO/IEC 15288 has been six years in the making.

  4. 2002 ISO 15288 1999 Systems Engineering 1994 EIA 632 EIA/IS 632 1994 Process for Engineering a System Systems Engineering System Life Cycle Processes Mil-Std- 499B 1994 1974 1999 IEEE P1220 Mil-Std- 499A IEEE 1220 1969 Mil-std- 499 Perry halts DoD solutions, US favour civil standards Standard for Application and Management of the Systems Engineering Process 1995 Software Engineering ISO 12207 Amd 1 A brief history of Systems Engineering process standards 2002 ISO 12207 Life Cycle Management Software Life Cycle Processes Life Cycle Management Software Life Cycle Processes

  5. Australia Brazil Canada Czech Republic China Denmark France Germany Israel Italy Japan Korea ISO/IEC 15288 Active participants • Russia • South Africa • Sweden • Spain • UK • USA Up to 35 around the tableOverall cost:~ $10M

  6. ISO/IEC 15288 Milestones • Jun ‘94: Study group on software-system relationship • Mar ‘95: US ANSI New Work Item proposal • Apr ‘96: ISO/IEC JTC1 approval of the project • May ‘96: Work started • July ‘99: CD 1(766 comments) • Feb & Nov ‘00: CD 2 (1589 comments) • May ‘01: CD 3 (673 comments) • Nov ’01: FCD (715 comments, mostly TL/E) • Feb ’02: FDIS • July ‘02 International Standard approval • Nov ’02 ISO Publication

  7. Systems engineering is described as a key part of an organisation’s business practices.

  8. Business Managers Project Managers Systems Engineers Specialist Engineers Scope and profile of business processes System Technical Processes Implementation Technology Processes Enterprise Processes Project Processes

  9. Business Managers Project Managers Systems Engineers Specialist Engineers Profile of ISO/IEC 15288 System Technical Processes Implementation Technology Processes Enterprise Processes Project Processes

  10. Why processes are key to defining and applying Systems Engineering Business Excellence Organizational Capability Professional Competence Business Processes

  11. 1994 EIA/IS 632 A very short history of Capability Assessment 2002 ISO 15288 1999 System Life Cycle Processes EIA 632 Process for Engineering a System Systems Engineering 1998 EIA/IS 731 2002 Systems Engineering Capability CMMI Software Engineering CMM2 1997 200x ISO TR15504 ISO 15504 SW CMM

  12. System Engineering to specialist disciplines • JTC SC7 • ISO/IEC 15288 Systems engineering - System life cycle process • ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1 Information Technology - Software life cycle process • ISO/IEC 15504 Process assessment • TC159 • ISO 13407 Human-centred design for interactive systems • ISO TR 18529 Human-centred life cycle process descriptions • PAS xxxxx Process assessment of human-system issues • TC176 • ISO 9001 Quality Management System • IEC SC65 Functional safety • IEC 621508 Functional Safety- safety related systems.

  13. HS.1.1 HS issues in conception HS.1.2 HS issues in development HS.1.3 HS issues in productionand utilization HS.1.4 HS issues in utilization and support HS.1.5 HS issues in retirement Life cycle involvement Process Assessment HS.3.1 Context of use HS.3.2 User requirements HS.3.3 Produce design solutions HS.3.4 Evaluation of use ISO/IEC 15288 Stages + enabling systems Human -centred design Human resources Technical processes Enterprise/Project processes HS.4.1 Human resources strategy HS.4.2 Define standard competencies and gaps HS.4.3 Design manpower solution and delivery plan HS.4.4 Evaluate system solutions HS.2.1 HS issues in business strategy HS.2.2 HS issues in quality mgmt. HS.2.3 HS issues in authorisation and control HS.2.4 Management of HS issues HS.2.5 HF data in trade-off and risk mitigation HS.2.6 User involvement HS.2.7 Human system integration HS.2.8 Develop and re-use HF data Human factors integration

  14. A view of systems engineering has evolved – one that is more relevant to present day commerce.

  15. Use so far (WG7 meeting review 2002-11-4) • NB should not be using it at all yet - use is by people who have been involved in the development. • Defence - UK(AMS), SWE (FMV), Canada (DND), France (DGA) • Organisations - Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grummen, QinetiQ • Professional Bodies - IEE, IEEE , INCOSE • Very different profile from 12207.

  16. The Marine Sector • ships carry 96% of goods transport • as few as 12 people in charge of 440,000 tons, value $70M (with cargo of a similar value) • 380 metres long, propulsion power 37MW • recycling everything except fuel (uses 150 tons of oil a day) • Design life 25-30 years, some still in operation after 70 years • can move, stay still, and work in temperatures from -35 to +45C and severe storms • vast, inter-linked set of sub-systems • all delivered to minimum tender • built in a year

  17. Unintended Complexity • computers used for economy - functionality for market differentiation • closed systems and “glue code” interfaces - no detailed specification • compliance culture - third party safety • ships are not designed systems • ship control systems are not designed to control the ship

  18. Process Risk Assessment • EC ATOMOS IV project, process risk assessment on a 4.3Meuro research SCC retrofit project • two-part assessment. 1999 - 15504, 13407 and IEC 61508, 2002 - 15288 and HS model • used: Quality Management, Architectural Design, Validation, Implementation, Verification, Supply, Stakeholder Requirements Definition • usability and utility of processes

  19. Dependable Systems Review • new premium process improvement service for owners with complex ships • based on the concepts of 15288 and principles of ISO 17894 • “walk through” a project with the client identifying barriers to achieving technical processes • use workshops, audits and training as appropriate • findings so far

  20. Conclusions • management of system life cycles is key to organisational well-being • by placing system engineering in a business context the story is more relevant • initial finding that 15288 life cycle processes work well for assessment and for process improvement • analyse enterprise and project barriers to technical achievement • 15288 will give systems engineering the recognition it deserves • systems engineering is on the business map

  21. Thank you • Stuart Arnold QinetiQ • Jonathan Earthy Lloyd’s Register

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