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Exam #3 Th 12/6 in class Quiz over last material is posted Homework #4 is due now

Exam #3 Th 12/6 in class Quiz over last material is posted Homework #4 is due now. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces. Evolution: changes in DNA as information transmitted. O. O.

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Exam #3 Th 12/6 in class Quiz over last material is posted Homework #4 is due now

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  1. Exam #3 Th 12/6 in class • Quiz over last material is posted • Homework #4 is due now

  2. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces.

  3. Evolution: changes in DNA as information transmitted O O O Bacteria with mutation causing resistance O O O O O O O O Apply antibiotic Continues to replicate O X X X O O O X X X O O O O O O O O O O O X X X X O O O O Kills most bacteria. Except if some have mutation that allow them to be resistant. O O O O Population of resistant bacteria

  4. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces.

  5. How are we related, and where did we come from?

  6. The earth is covered in H. sapiens, but it wasn’t always.

  7. When did these migrations take place?

  8. DNA is passed from generation to generation, and therefore can tell us about relationships between individuals.

  9. Human DNA is divided into 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

  10. X 23 in humans X 23 in humans X 23 in humans Each of us are a combination of DNA from mom and dad.

  11. Mom provides 50.000275%andDad provides 49.999825% of DNA to offspring. … because Mom provides 100% of mitochondrial DNA

  12. Mitochondrial DNA comparisons can be used to trace ancestry:

  13. Non-Coding DNA is used for comparisons between individuals

  14. As DNA is passed on mutations take place Fig 1 and 4

  15. Fig 4

  16. By determining the average time between mutations, we can estimate the time of the last common ancestor. Fig 4

  17. The mutation rate in human mtDNA is one nucleotide change per 20,000 years. OR A difference of one nucleotide between two people indicates a common relative 10,000 years ago. Fig 4

  18. When did these migrations take place?

  19. Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens Multiregional hypothesis “Out of Africa” hypothesis

  20. Relationships of different populations using mtDNA ~150,000ya 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 1

  21. Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens Multiregional hypothesis “Out of Africa” hypothesis

  22. Relationships of different people using mtDNA. 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2

  23. Relationships of different people using mtDNA. 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2

  24. Relationships of different people using mtDNA. 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2

  25. Relationships of different people using mtDNA. • From Science v298 12/20/02 pg 2381 • 93-95% of genetic variation within population. • 3-5% of genetic variation occurs between populations. 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2

  26. “Man’s Most Dangerous Myth: the Fallacy of Race” by Ashley Montagu

  27. “Man’s Most Dangerous Myth: the Fallacy of Race” by Ashley Montagufirst published in 1942

  28. There is no genetic definition of race.

  29. Newer Data: Estimated time of divergence for several DNA regions Fig 3

  30. Newer Data: Estimated time of divergence for several DNA regions Fig 3

  31. Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens Multiregional hypothesis: disproved by mtDNA data “Out of Africa” hypothesis: disproved by other DNA data

  32. Relationships of different people using mtDNA. • From Science v298 12/20/02 pg 2381 • 93-95% of genetic variation within population. • 3-5% of genetic variation occurs between populations. 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2

  33. Race has no genetic definition.

  34. The nervous system allows us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response.

  35. Input to brain is filtered. What are you paying attention to?

  36. Active seeking of infoversusSubconscious scanning for threats Are we evolutionarily adapted to detect certain threats?

  37. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2001, Vol. 130, No. 3, 466-478 Arne Ohman, Anders Flykt, and Francisco Esteves http://sas.epnet.com/citation.asp?tb=0&_ug=sid+B751259C%2D3010%2D40FD%2D856F%2D2A9AA70CE5D2%40sessionmgr6+FE52&_us=SLsrc+ext+30AB&_usmtl=ftv+True+137E&_uso=hd+False+db%5B0+%2Dpdh+33B8&bk=S&EBSCOContent=ZWJjY8bb43ePqLhrvNfxa6Gmr4GPp7iFpKq5gKiWxpjDpfKDo6%2BwfqevrbjQ3%2B151N7uvuMA&rn=&fn=&db=pdh&an=xge1303466&sm=&cf=1

  38. Ability to detect snake or spider versus flower or mushroomby grid position Fig 1. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass (2001) J. of Ex. Psy., Vol. 130, No. 3, 466-478

  39. Ability to detect snake or spider versus flower or mushroomby grid position Fig 1. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass (2001) J. of Ex. Psy., Vol. 130, No. 3, 466-478

  40. Ability to detect snake or spider versus flower or mushroom is relatively quicker in a larger grid Fig 2. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass (2001) J. of Ex. Psy., Vol. 130, No. 3, 466-478

  41. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785 Andreas Olsson, Jeffrey P. Ebert, Mahzarin R. Banaji, Elizabeth A. Phelpshttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5735/785 This perspective accompanies the article and has some useful background and further discussion:http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5735/711

  42. Conditioned fear: snakes/spiders Fig 1. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785

  43. Conditioned fear: race Fig 1. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785

  44. Conditioned fear: snakes/spiders race Fig 1. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785

  45. Fear of other races: Whites Blacks Fig 2. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785

  46. Is Race Necessarily a Defining Characteristic? Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization (December 18, 2001) PNAS vol. 98 no. 26 pg 15387–15392 Robert Kurzban, John Tooby, and Leda Cosmideshttp://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/98/26/15387

  47. Random Statements My birthday is in April. My birthday is in June. My birthday is in August. My birthday is in January. My birthdayis in February. My birthday is in July. My birthday is in October. My birthday is in May. Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization (December 18, 2001) PNAS vol. 98 no. 26 pg 15387–15392

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