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Minerals

Atoms. to. Minerals. Rocks are made up of …. Minerals !. …which are either pure elements or compounds , one or more element combined. 5 Characteristics of minerals are:. I norganic S olid O ccurs Naturally D efinite Chemical Composition A toms arranged in a Crystal Structure.

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Minerals

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  1. Atoms to Minerals

  2. Rocks are made up of …. Minerals! …which are either pure elements or compounds, one or more element combined

  3. 5 Characteristics of minerals are: Inorganic Solid Occurs Naturally Definite Chemical Composition Atoms arranged in a Crystal Structure

  4. How many different minerals are there on Earth??? Answer: About 4,000

  5. More than 90% of all of the minerals in the Earth’s Crust are made up of compounds containing Silicon and Oxygen, the two most abundant elements on Earth. Together, these make up the chemical group of Silicates!

  6. Rocks that have a high percentage of Silicates are light in color, and are called Felsic rocks.

  7. High Silica content forms light-colored rocks.

  8. Rocks that have a low percentage of Silicates are dark in color, and are called Mafic rocks.

  9. While lower (but only by about 25%) Silica content forms darker-colored rocks.

  10. How do Minerals Form??? • coolingmagma chambers where atoms and molecules move closer to form chemical bonds.

  11. The types of minerals that form depends on the types and amounts of elements present in the magma. • The size of mineral grains and crystals depends on how long it takes to cool

  12. Olivine

  13. Pyroxene

  14. Peridotite- Mostly Olivine

  15. Gabbro- Pyroxene and OlivineLarge Crystals-Course Texture

  16. Andesite- Hornblend and Biotite? and Plagioclase Feldspar

  17. Potassium Feldspar

  18. Quartz

  19. Pink Granite

  20. Rhyolite – Felsic, fine-grained/volcanic

  21. 2. The Pressure Process:Minerals form when added pressure recrystallizes them by breaking them down and then changing the minerals.New ions, atoms and molecules recombine in new ways.

  22. 3. Some types of minerals form as water containing dissolved ions slowly evaporates.

  23. How long does it take for minerals to form?? • Minerals in solution in water can form relatively quickly when the water evaporates. • Minerals in magma can form as quickly as the magma/lava can crystallize (lava can cool in minutes, while magma can take thousands of years).

  24. Minerals are identified and classified by visual inspection, and by performing simple tests to determine their physical and chemical properties Luster Hardness Streak Cleavage Color Specific Gravity Fracture

  25. Color Color is the most easily observed, but least useful property because 1 mineral may have many different colors due to impurities.

  26. Luster the way in which a mineral shines in the light

  27. Metallic luster makes minerals shine like metals • Nonmetallic luster means there is some other “shine” to the mineral, but not one that looks like metal

  28. Hardness Hardness is the resistance of a mineral to being scratched. The Moh’s Hardness Scale is one of the most effective tool for identifying minerals.

  29. We use a scratch plate to determine hardness.

  30. Streak the color of a mineral when it’s powdered Much more reliable than color because, although the color of a mineral changes, its streak does not.

  31. Cleavage Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to split in a particular direction. This is determined by a mineral’s crystal structure!!

  32. Basal Cleavage

  33. Fracture The tendency of a mineral to break in directions other than along crystal faces or cleavage surfaces. Quartz has a conchoidal or shell-like fracture

  34. Conchoidal or shell-likefracture Fibrous facture

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