Section A

1. Section A Learning a Foreign Language

2. In this PPT, you will find … • Lead-in (P3-4) • Text Structure (5-11) • Main language points key words and phrases (P12-21) Key structures (P22-26) key sentences ((P27-37) • Culture Focus: education (P38-39) • Composition/practical writing (P40-46) • Homework

3. ◆ Lead-in: telling and sharing • Ask the students to retell their past experience of learning English. • Possible questions to help their speaking • 1 how do they think of their teacher? • 2 why do you hold such opinion? • 3 what’s their expectation of the teachers at Universities?

4. ◆ Lead-in: group work • Divide the students into different groups and share with each about their good experience e to learn English. • Requirements: • 1 Try to use brief language instead of lengthy one; • 2 No repetition; • 3 Ask one to be the representative of the group and make a presentation to the rest of the class

5. The author presents readers with his own language learning experiences at different stages.And at differentstages, the author met differentteachers and consequently formed differentattitudes towards English learning. Text Structure I. Understanding Now find the information to fill in the blanks.

6. Para(s).Topic 1General experiences of learning a foreign language: _______ yet _________. 2 Experiences in __________________. 3 Experiences in __________________. 4 Experiences at ____________. 5-7 Experiences about _______________. 8 Benefits of learning a foreign language. The Topic of Each Part difficult rewarding junior middle school senior middle school college online learning

7. In junior middle school (Para.2): The teacher: _____________________________ _____________________________ The author: _____________________________ _____________________________ kind and patient, positive, often praising the students at the top of my class, eagerly answering all the questions, never worrying much about making mistakes

8. In senior middle school (Para.3): The teacher: _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ The author: _____________________________ _____________________________ punishing quickly, pointing a long stick at us and shaking it up and down, shouting “No! No! No!” losing my eagerness, losing my joy, losing my desire

9. At college (Para.4): The teacher: _____________________________ _____________________________ The classes: _____________________________ _____________________________ The author: _____________________________ _____________________________ patient and kind, no pointed sticks very large, many students spoke much better than I did feeling intimidated, afraid to speak, staying at the same level

10. The on-line learning (Paras.5—7): The on-line learning requires: ________________________________ The author (at the beginning): ________________________________ ________________________________ The author (finally): ________________________________ ________________________________ much time, commitment, discipline making many mistakes, crying out of frustration, feeling like giving up reaping the benefits of all the hard work

11. The benefits of learning a foreign language (Para.8): 1. ____________________________ Teaching me the value of hard work. ______________________________ Giving me insights into another culture. 2. ___________________________ __________ 3. Enabling me to communicate with more people.

12. at times junior middle school positive/negative senior middle school continue studying former teacher unlike intimidated 有时候 初中 积极的，正面的 高中 继续学习 以前的老师 不像 害怕 Key Words and Phrases

13. participate in virtual classroom regular classroom study commitment keep up with minimum standard assignment on time 参加 虚拟的课堂 实际的课堂学习 投入，承诺 跟上 最低的标准 作业 按时

14. cry out of frustration feel like giving up come across reap the benefit trade for give me insight into favorite activity instead of bridge the gap 由于沮丧大哭 想要放弃 碰到 收获成果 交换 深刻理解 最爱的活动 相反，而不是 弥补鸿沟

15. ◆Para 1: the most difficultyetmost rewarding experiences • He is willing, yet unable. 他心有余而力不足。 • She is conceited and foolish, and yet people like her. 她自负而愚蠢， 然而人喜欢她。

16. Para1：most rewardingexperience • She got nothing in reward for her kindness. 她的好心未得报答. • offer a reward of $500 for information about a stolen painting 悬赏五百美元以求获得被窃油画的消息. • The father rewarded the little boy for his cleaning his room. • Teaching is a rewarding career. • satisfying and worthwhile; giving you satisfaction, pleasure and benefit

17. Para 1: Although at times learning a language is frustrating … • more phrases: • sometimes • once in a while • occasionally • from time to time

18. ◆Para 1 it was well worth the effort. 1 He decided to have a look at the house near the sea for it was worth buying. 2 The beautiful town is worth the 45-minute drive from our cottage. 3 This job is worth a try.

19. Para 2 I was at the top of my class for two years. • on top of that • at top speed • from top to bottom • from top to toe

20. Para 5: The situation is far from perfect, though. • Far from being angry, he’s very happy. • Her husband is far from being handsome, he is somewhat ugly. • Is he a good driver? • Far from it. (Certainly not!) • Far from a reactionary, he is quite liberal in his views. • 根本不是反动分子，他的观点相当的开明。

21. Para. I soon got access to the necessary equipment,… • The only access to that building was guarded by the soldiers. • He was not allowed access to his young brother in prison. • My ex-husband has access to the child once a week. • Access to the papers is restricted to Defense Department personnel only.

22. Key Structure Para 3: While my former teacher had been patient with all of his students … The former… the latter… Metals are divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The former contains iron and the latter does not contain iron. 金属分为黑色金属和有色金属。前者含铁, 后者不含铁。

23. More examples: • Of Nigeria and Ghana, the former (=Nigeria) has the large population. • Of the two possibilities, the former seems more likely.

24. Key Structure ◆Para 3: Not only did I lose my joy in answering questions, but also I totally lost my desire to say anything at all in English. ◆ With “not only” or “only” placed at the beginning of a sentence, its order should be inverted (倒装). Not also does he easily accept other people’s opinions, but he is also patient. Not only did Smith learn the Chinese language but also bridged the gap between his culture and ours.

25. Para 8. Now that I speak a foreign language, instead of staring into space when English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends. Key Structure Now that... , 由于／既然……

26. 你驾驶考试既已合格，就可以独自开车了。 • 既然已经接到邀请参加婚礼，你最好准时去。 • Now that you’ve passed your driving test, • you can drive on your own. • Now thatyou are invited to take part in the wedding ceremony, you’d better go on time.

27. Detailed study of the text • 1. Learning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life.(Para.1) • Meaning: Learning a foreign language was one of the most difficult things to do but it was most worth doing in my life. • 译文：学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历。

28. 2. Not only did I lose my joy in answering questions, but also I totally lost my desire to say anything at all in English.(Para. 3) • Meaning: I not only didn’t feel happy answering questions, but also I didn’t want to say anything in English. • 译文：我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。

29. 注：not only或only放在句首时，句子要用倒装语序。 • eg. Only in this way can you hope to finish the work at the end of this month.只有用这种方法你才有望在月底之前完成这项工作。 • Not only did we enjoy the film, but we also had a wonderful time.我们不仅看了电影，而且玩得很痛快。

30. 3. I soon got access to the necessary equipment, learned the technology from a friend and participated in the virtual classroom 5 to 7 days a week. (Para.5) • Meaning: I soon got the necessary equipment and learned how to use the equipment from a friend. Then I could take online courses 5 to 7 days a week. • 译文：我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术，于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。

31. 4. Learning a foreign language has been a most trying experience for me, but one that I wouldn’t trade for anything.(Para.8) • Meaning: Learning a foreign language has been an experience full of difficulties, but I wouldn’t exchange it for anything else. • 译文：学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但却是一种无比珍贵的经历。

32. trade • trade (in) … for…: exchange… for… • eg. He decided to trade his car for a truck.他决定用他的小汽车换一辆卡车。 • In order to pay off his debts, he had to trade in his piano for money.为了还债，他只好把钢琴拿去换钱。 • Cf. trade on: make use of • eg. He traded on his brother’s kindness to get more money from him. 他利用哥哥的善良，想从他那儿多弄点钱。 • The senator’s son traded on his father’s name when he ran for mayor.参议员的儿子在竞选市长时利用了他父亲的名望。

33. 5. Not only did learning another language teach me the value of hard work, but it also gave me insights into another culture, and my mind was opened to new ways of seeing things.(Para.8) • Meaning: Learning another language not only made me understand the benefit of hard work, but it also made me understand another culture, and I was willing to accept new ways of seeing things. • 译文：它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且使我认识了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。

34. insight • n. the act of seeing or understanding something very clearly • eg. Visiting the city gave me insight into the lives of the people who live there.参观这座城市使我了解了那里居民的生活情况。 • The teacher had unusual insight into children’s emotions.这位老师对儿童的情感有不同寻常的了解。

35. 6. Now that I speak a foreign language, instead of staring into space when English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends.(Para.8) • Meaning: As I can speak a foreign language, I can take part in the conversation and make friends, and I no longer look into the distance when someone is speaking English. • 译文：现在我已能够说外语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了，我能够参与并结交朋友。

36. 7. I am able to reach out to others and bridge the gap between my language and culture and theirs.(Para.8) • Meaning: I am able to communicate with others and make smaller the differences between my language and culture and theirs. • 译文：我能与人交流，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。

37. Reach • reach out to: communicate with; contact • eg. With the introduction of the Internet, we can reach out to our friends by e-mail.由于因特网的使用，我们可以通过电子邮件与朋友联系。 • cf. reach out for: try to get • eg. You must reach out for any opportunity that comes your way.你必须抓住所遇到的任何机遇。 • reach for: hold out one’s hand to get sth. • eg. He reached for the phone and dialed the number.他伸手拿起电话，拨了号码。

38. ◆ Culture Focus: education ◆Kindergarten (kindergart(e)ner 幼儿园的儿童) ◆nursery school （ day nursery 保育室， 托儿所） ◆primary school/elementary school ◆junior middle school ◆senior middle school ◆university/college ◆I am a college student. (not a university student) 我是大学生。

39. ◆Department (school/faculty) 系 ◆Undergraduate 大学在学生， 肄业生 ◆graduate student /postgraduate 研究生 ◆Graduate school 研究生院 ◆研究生 graduate ◆medical school 医学院 law school 法学院 ◆master’s program 硕士课程 ◆doctoral program 博士课程 ◆required course/ elective course 必修、选修 ◆freshman/ sophomore ◆junior (Jun. Jnr. Jr.)/senior (Sen.)

40. Writing—Cause and Effect Writing Cause and Effect Writing When you explain the reasons why something happens by writing, you are having a cause and effect writing. Read the following passage and tell the cause and effect.

41. Writing—Cause and Effect Writing Do you know why winter is colder than summer? One reason is that there are fewer hours of sunlight in winter. But there is another reason. Winter sunlight is cooler. The earth gets less heat from it, though it is the same sun, and it shines just as bright as in the summer time. Sample 1 (effect) (cause 1) (cause 2) (先果后因，多因一果)

42. Writing—Cause and Effect Writing Sample 2 Shopping online has many advantages. First, the web-stores can keep customers updated about the best selling products. Second, they can provide customers with a wider range of choices. Third, it is very convenient and time-saving. I enjoy shopping online very much. (cause) (effect)

43. Writing—Cause and Effect Writing Useful Expressions for Cause • Owing to (because of / thanks to) sth.… • There are three reasons for this. • The reasons for this are as follows... • This is due to (results from) several factors. • A number of factors could account for… • One reason is that… • … partly because…, partly because… • Many factors that contribute to (lead to/account for)… include…

44. Writing—Cause and Effect Writing Useful Expressions for Effect • So/Therefore/Consequently/As a result… • The effect is evident/obvious. • It will have/exert a deep influence (on…). • It may cause a sweeping change. • It leaves some serious consequences. • It may give rise to a host of problems. • The immediate result it produces is...

45. Writing—Cause and Effect Writing Write a paragraph of about 80 words, using the 5 patterns. English Study General Statement: I want to study English for different reasons. Writing Task For your reference

46. Writing—Cause and Effect Writing I want to study English for different reasons. Firstly, English is generally considered as the most common language of communication throughout the world. For example, English is widely used in many fields such as science, business, entertainment, just to name a few. Therefore, learning English enables me to have the opportunity to communicate with people from different backgrounds and cultures. Secondly, learning English broadens my horizon, giving me insights into other cultures. And my mind is opened to new ways of viewing things. (For reference)