1.5

1. A Problem Solving Plan Using Models 1.5 1 2 GOAL GOAL Translate verbal phrases into algebraic expressions. Use a verbal model to write an algebraic equation or inequality to solve a real-life problem, such as making a decision about an airplane’s speed. To solve real-life problems such as finding out how many plates of dim sum were ordered for lunch. Whatyou should learn Why you should learn it

2. A Problem Solving Plan Using Models 1.5 TRANSLATING VERBAL PHRASES 1 GOAL EXAMPLE 1 Learn the vocabulary in the table on page 32!!! NOTE: Order will be important, even in addition and multiplication. The question to ask is, “What number do I start with?” Example: “A number increased by 3” is written as n + 3. “3 increased by a number” is written as 3 + n.

3. Extra Example 1 • Translate the phrase into an algebraic expression. • Six less than 4 times a number y. • Three more than the difference of five and a number n. • A number y decreased by the sum of 8 and the square of another number x. 4y – 6 4y 5 – n + 3 y – (8 + x2)

4. Checkpoint Translate the phrase into an algebraic expression. a. Eight more than the sum of two times a number y and three. b. Four less than the sum of five and twice a number n. (2y + 3) + 8 (5 + 2n) - 4

5. A Problem Solving Plan Using Models 1.5 2 USING A VERBAL MODEL GOAL When translating a verbal phrase or sentence look for the word “is.” If it is there, you are nearly always looking at an equation or inequality. “is”: equation “is less than” or “is greater than”: inequality Remember to look for this 2-letter word!

6. EXAMPLE 2 Writing an Algebraic Model We will write mathematical models to represent real-life situations. These models may be expressions, equations, or inequalities. We will use the steps shown in the text to solve these situations. VERBAL MODEL ALGEBRAIC MODEL LABELS SOLVE CHECK

7. Extra Example 2 You and your friends go to a music store to buy CD’s on sale for $6 each. Together you spent $77.76, which included a tax of $5.76. How many CD’s were bought? Use the problem solving plan shown in the text. VERBAL MODEL Cost per CD Number of CDs • = Bill – Tax LABELS $6 n $77.76 $5.76 ALGEBRAIC MODEL 6n = 77.76 – 5.76 6n = 72 n = 12 SOLVE CHECK Is 12 a reasonable answer? Yes. ANSWER:You bought 12 CDs.

8. Amount each pays Tax and tip # of friends • = Bill + 8 a $130 $30 Checkpoint Eight friends went to a restaurant for dinner. The waiter gave them a bill for $130. At the register a tax and tip of $30 was added to the bill. Use a verbal model and mental math to find about how much each person should contribute to pay an equal share of the bill. 8a = $130 + $30 $20

9. EXAMPLE 3 Extra Example 3 • An investor finds a mutual fund that has an annual return of 10%. The investor wants to earn $250 in simple interest by the end of one year. Use the formula I = Prt. • What should be the minimum amount invested? • If the investor wants to earn twice the amount of simple interest, should the investment or the amount of time be doubled? Explain.

10. Interest = Principal • Rate • Time Extra Example 3 (cont.) VERBAL MODEL LABELS $250 p 1 yr ALGEBRAIC MODEL SOLVE $250 = p • 0.10 Use mental math: $250 is one-tenth of what number? $2500 = p CHECK Is $2500 reasonable? YES. ANSWER: The amount to invest is $2500.

11. Extra Example 3 (cont.) To earn twice as much, the investor has two options. Either twice as much money can be invested ($5000), or the $2500 can be invested for twice as long.

12. Checkpoint • A salesperson drives at a speed of 50 miles per hour. When he is 175 miles from his destination, he remembers he has a meeting in 3 hours. • At his current speed, will he be on time for his meeting? • At what minimum speed should he travel from this point on if he wants to be on time for the meeting? No about 60 mi/h

13. QUESTIONS?