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Consequences of Obesity

Consequences of Obesity. Why?. Why does it matter ? It doesn’t matter what’s on the outside, it’s what’s on the inside that counts, right? TRUE However, if the inside is sick BECAUSE OF food, we need to pay attention to what we eat and how much exercise we get. Goal: Healthy, happy bodies. .

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Consequences of Obesity

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  1. Consequences of Obesity

  2. Why? • Why does it matter? • It doesn’t matter what’s on the outside, it’s what’s on the inside that counts, right? • TRUE • However, if the inside is sick BECAUSE OF food, we need to pay attention to what we eat and how much exercise we get. • Goal: Healthy, happy bodies.

  3. BMI • BMI: Body Mass Index • Body Mass Index measures a person's weight in relation to his/her height • BMI is a reliable indicator of body “fatness” for most children and teens

  4. Figuring out BMI • BMI = weight (lbs) / [height (inches)2]x 703 • If you are 5 feet 0 inches = 60 inches • 5’1 = 61 , 5’2 = 62, 5’3 = 63, 5’4 = 64, 5’5 = 65 • 5’6 = 66 , 5’7 = 67, 5’8 = 68, 5’9 = 69, 5’10 = 70 • Example: 5’5 weighing 140 lbs: • 140/ [65]2 = [140/ 4225] • 0.033136 x 703= 23.2 = BMI = 23

  5. Overweight vs. Obese • Overweight is defined as a BMI at or above the 85th percentile and lower than the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex. This can mean 5-10 lbs over “normal” weight for your height/gender. • Obesity is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex. This means 15+ lbs over “normal” weight.

  6. Consequences • Research has shown that as weight increases to reach the levels referred to as "overweight" and "obesity,"* the risks for the following conditions also increases:1 • Coronary heart disease • Type 2 diabetes • Cancers (endometrial, breast, and colon) • Hypertension (high blood pressure) • Dyslipidemia (for example, high total cholesterol or high levels of triglycerides) • Stroke • Liver and Gallbladder disease • Sleep apnea and respiratory problems • Osteoarthritis (a degeneration of cartilage and its underlying bone within a joint) • Gynecological problems (abnormal menses, infertility)

  7. Heart Disease • Coronary artery disease occurs when a substance called plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries). Plaque is made up of cholesterol deposits, which can accumulate in your arteries. • Some cholesterol comes from genetics, some from unhealthy food choices (fried food, fatty meats, processed foods)

  8. Heart Attack • A heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction, occurs when a section of the heart muscle dies or gets damaged because of reduced blood supply. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the main cause of heart attack. • Each year, about 1.2 million people in the United States have heart attacks, and many of them die. CHD, which often results in heart attacks, is the leading killer of both men and women in the United States.

  9. When plaque builds up in the arteries, the condition is called atherosclerosis • (ath-er-o-skler-O-sis). The buildup of plaque occurs over many years. • Eventually, an area of plaque can rupture (break open) inside of an artery. This causes a blood clot to form on the plaque's surface. If the clot becomes large enough, it can mostly or completely block blood flow through a coronary artery.

  10. If the blockage isn't treated quickly, the portion of heart muscle fed by the artery begins to die. • Healthy heart tissue is replaced with scar tissue. This heart damage may not be obvious, or it may cause severe or long-lasting problems.

  11. Risk Factors • Poor diet (what you eat) has been linked to heart disease. Diets high in saturated fats and cholesterol raise blood cholesterol levels and promote atherosclerosis. High salt or sodium in the diet causes raised blood pressure levels.

  12. Physical inactivity is related to the development of heart disease. It also can impact other risk factors, including obesity, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, a low level of HDL (good) cholesterol, and diabetes. • Regular physical activity can improve risk factor levels. • Obesity is linked to higher LDL (bad) cholesterol and triglyceride levels and to lower HDL (good) cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes.

  13. Type 2 Diabetes • Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism— the way the body uses digested food for growth and energy. • Most of the food people eat is broken down into glucose, the form of sugar in the blood. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body. • After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream, where it is used by cells for growth and energy.

  14. For glucose to get into cells, insulin must be present. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach. • When people eat, the pancreas automatically produces the right amount of insulin to move glucose from blood into the cells.

  15. In people with diabetes, however, the pancreas either produces little or no insulin, or the cells do not respond appropriately to the insulin that is produced. Glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of the body in the urine. • Thus, the body loses its main source of fuel even though the blood contains large amounts of glucose.

  16. Diabetes, cont. • The most common form of diabetes is type 2 diabetes. About 90 to 95 percent of people with diabetes have type 2. This form of diabetes is most often associated with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, previous history of gestational diabetes, physical inactivity, and certain ethnicities. • Type 2 diabetes is increasingly being diagnosed in children and adolescents, especially among African American, Mexican American, and Pacific Islander youth.

  17. Problems with Diabetes • Diabetes is widely recognized as one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. In 2006, it was the seventh leading cause of death • When blood glucose levels drop too low—a condition known as hypoglycemia—a person can become nervous, shaky, and confused. Judgment can be impaired, and if blood glucose falls too low, fainting can occur.

  18. High blood glucose (aka high blood sugar) can harm blood vessels and cause heart attacks or strokes. It can also damage organs in the body and cause blindness, kidney failure, loss of toes or feet, gum problems, or loss of teeth.

  19. Prevention • Starting NOW: • Eat a healthy diet - Boys need about 2,000-2,500 total calories in a day – Girls need about 2,000 calories. • Exercise EVERY DAY for at least 30 minutes • Avoid packaged/processed foods (chips, candy, cookies, drinks in a bottle/can). • Eat fresh fruits and veggies • Relax!

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