BIRDS!

1. BIRDS!

2. Adaptations • Beaks • Feet • Wings • Circulatory System

3. Beaks • Bird beaks come in a variety of shapes and sizes – all for the purpose of assisting the bird in eating a specific diet

4. Eye Dropper Beaks • Food: Nectar • Birds: Hummingbirds • Long, very narrow beaks for probing flowers for nectar

5. Chopsticks Beaks • Food: Worms/Insects in mud/sand • Birds: Snipe, Curlew • Long, straight, medium-wide beak for probing soft ground for food

6. Nutcracker Beaks • Food: Seeds & Nuts • Birds: Finch, Cardinal • Short, wide, pointed beak for cracking open seeds and nuts

7. Slotted Spoon Beaks • Food: Fish & other water creatures • Birds: Pelicans • Beak with a pouch for holding fish

8. Strainer Beaks • Food: Tiny water plants & Water animals • Birds: Flamingo • Short, down-curved beak • for separating mud from • shell fish and algae

9. Fish Net Beaks • Food: Flying Insects • Birds: Whip-Poor-Will, Black Phoebe • Very short, slightly curved beak for catching insects in midair

10. Forceps Beaks • Food: Caterpillars & Other Tree Insects • Birds: Warbler • Medium-length, chisel- shaped beak for breaking into tree bark for insects

11. Hooked Beaks • Food: Small animals • Birds: Eagles, Birds of Prey • Sharply hooked beak for tearing animal tissue

12. Feet • Most birds have four toes on each foot, and all birds have a claw at the tip of each toe. However, the arrangement and size of the toes and the size and shape of the claws vary according to the birds' ways of life

13. Hens & Pheasants • Birds that scratch the soil for worms & insects have nail like toes

14. Flightless Birds • Strong-legged flightless birds, like the cassowary, protect themselves by kicking with their powerful feet and sharp claws.

15. Swimming Birds • WATER BIRDS such as ducks have webbing between their toes for swimming.  GULLS also have feet similar to these so they don't sink while walking in the soft sand or mud near the water's edge.

16. Climbing Birds • WOODPECKERS have two toes pointing forwards and two backwards; for climbing up, down, and sideways on tree trunks.

17. Birds of Prey • RAPTORS such as hawks, eagles, and owls use large claws (called talons) to capture, kill, and carry prey with their feet.

18. Perching Birds • SONG BIRDS or PERCHING BIRDS (warblers, thrushes, wrens, etc.) have independent, flexible toes, with one pointing backwards, ideal for grasping perches.

19. Birds & Flight • Feathers, Wings, Bones

20. Feathers • Feathers are highly modified scales • Feathers are used for: • Flying - flight feathers, grow in the wings and the tail • Thermal insulation - soft down feathers that grow close to the skin keep birds from getting too cold or too hot • Courtship and mating displays - these vary tremendously from species to species

21. Wings – 4 types • Elliptical • a. Tends to be even pressure over most of the surface. b. Usually found in birds that live in forests. … facilitates a subtle change in the angle of the wing. c. Sparrows.

22. Wings – 4 types • High Aspect Ratio • a. Much longer than it is wide. Has lot of vertical lifting area. Not much slotting. b. Not fast flying birds but more soaring birdsc. Albatross, or Frigate bird.

23. Wings – 4 types • High Speed Wings • a. Falcons, Plovers b. Wings that are narrow and come out to a sharp tip. These wings reduce drag. More of the wing-beat is producing forward thrust.

24. Wings – 4 types • Soaring Wings • a. Extreme slotting in the wing-tipsb. Vultures, Eagles, etc.

25. Bones • Porous, only 4% of body weight • Hollow Bones

26. Circulatory System • Large, 4 chambered heart • High heart rate (canary – 600/min!) • Blood –reduced hemoglobin… • Homeothermic – get energy and heat from digested food (seeds,etc.) • No sweat glands! (gape, defecate on legs)… • High body temp (110-115*)