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The Beginning of the Russian Revolution

The Beginning of the Russian Revolution. OUTLINE: Impact of WWI Conditions in Czarist Russia The Bolsheviks March 1917 Revolution Russian Civil War 1918—1920. Major Ideas: Russia hadn’t experienced a political revolution in the 18 th -19 th c. like most other European nations.

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The Beginning of the Russian Revolution

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  1. The Beginning of the Russian Revolution • OUTLINE: • Impact of WWI • Conditions in Czarist Russia • The Bolsheviks • March 1917 Revolution • Russian Civil War 1918—1920 • Major Ideas: • Russia hadn’t experienced a political revolution in the 18th-19th c. like most other European nations. • Massive social issues, like extreme poverty, were made worse by WWI. • Russian people finally overthrew the czar & the Communist revolution began in 1917.

  2. Czarist (Tsarist) Russia in early 20th century • Same as Western Europe 19th c. b/c they were 100 yrs behind • Long history of rich, isolated and oppressive monarchs (known as czar or tsar) • Most ppl were v. poor rural peasants or urban workers • Social discontent and anger toward the gov’t ppl felt the czar & nobles were out of • touch and too harsh

  3. Impact of WWI in Russia • Severe food shortages led to food riots • Czar did not respond to crisis • Very low morale (Russian ppl had nationalist pride & wanted to win but were suffering too much) • All resources went to fight war but still… • 1/4 of Russian soldiers had no weapons • Conditions became unbearable and many deserted

  4. Czar Nicholas went to the Eastern Front during WWI to add moral support to the troops, not to really fight in battles • Rasputin was a “mystic” w/ major influence over czarina & gov’t—gained even more power in czar’s absence (some say he was the devil…especially after the bizarre circumstances of his death) • Russian ppl were scared of him— he was assassinated in 1916 • Entire affair made ppl even more upset about gov’t

  5. Bolsheviks (“the majority”) • led by Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky • wanted radical changes in Russia including the end of Czar rule • believed in Marxist ideas (Communism) • anti-capitalism & anti-monarchs b/c the rich (bourgeoisie) exploited the poor (proletariat) • believed in violent revolutionb/c only way to achieve communism in Rus • Lenin was exiled by the Czar—Bolsheviks continued organized violence against czar’s gov’t throughout early 20th • The Communist Russian Revolution was slow moving but powerful—hard to stop once it began (like a train…)

  6. March 1917 Revolution • Begun as a workers strike • in St. Petersburg • Protest spread—Czar forced to abdicate. Later killed w/ his • family. • Lenin returned (w/ help of Germany)—Bolsheviks took over • Russian gov’t w/ help of common ppl (called “soviets”) • Bolsheviks signed treaty w/ Germany which ended their part in WWI, partly b/c it was a war of the bourgeoisie (Treaty of Brest-Litvosk)

  7. Russian Civil War 1918—1920 • Bolsheviks faced opposition • from the “White Army” • W.A. supported by U.S. & • west European nations • 15 mill people died in war • & famine • Bolsheviks won —began to • redistribute land & • industry • Russia became the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

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