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How do we study the Universe?

How do we study the Universe?. SPECTROSCOPY. Uses visible wavelength split into colors. Doppler shift. Wavelengths change when object is moving. Red/ Blue Shift. RECEDING (moving away) objects show a INCREASE in WAVELENGTH- red shift

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How do we study the Universe?

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  1. How do we study the Universe?

  2. SPECTROSCOPY • Uses visible wavelength split into colors

  3. Doppler shift • Wavelengths change when object is moving

  4. Red/ Blue Shift • RECEDING (moving away) objects show a INCREASE in WAVELENGTH- red shift • APPROACHING objects show a DECREASE in WAVELENGTH- blue shift

  5. Star Approaching • Star Receding

  6. RED-SHIFTING STAR (Moving Away From Us)

  7. BLUE-SHIFTING STAR (Moving Towards Us)

  8. Red or blue shift? sun

  9. Star MOVING AWAY from us. (RED-SHIFTING) REFERENCE SPECTRUM

  10. Mauna Kea Observatory

  11. Mauna KeaAug. 2011

  12. Optical telescopes • Need clear weather • Away from city lights (light pollution) • Above clouds (mountain tops) • Less distortion • Many in AZ and HI

  13. Kitt Peak, Arizona

  14. REFRACTING TELESCOPES Use multiple lenses to focus light and magnify images.

  15. The USNO 26-inch Refracting Telescope

  16. REFRACTORS • Lenses are expensive • Chromatic aberration (halo affect;bad) • good for observing solar system objects • See details (good contrast)

  17. Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff AZdiscovered Pluto24” refractor

  18. REFLECTING TELESCOPES Uses a series of mirrors to gather and focus light.

  19. Reflectors • Mirrors are cheaper • See farther than refractors • Lose detail • Can build larger (10 meters vs. 1 meter) • “Coma” problem

  20. “coma problem • Stars need edge of field have “tails”

  21. 8” REFLECTOR

  22. Keck Observatory10 m reflectorlargest in world

  23. Two 8.4 m mirrors LBT Large Binocular Telescope

  24. CATADIOPTRIC TELESCOPES • combines the best features of refractors and reflectors

  25. Dobsonian telescope • Cheap • Reflector • need dark skies • Only azimuth mount • Good beginner telescope

  26. Radio telescopes • Gather incoming radio waves • Convert waves to colors • Produce false color images

  27. Radio telescopes • Best for out of solar system objects • Galaxies • Supernovas • quasars

  28. Very Large ArraySocorro, NM • Arrays use many telescopes that act as one telescope

  29. Hawaii California Washington Iowa New Hampshire Very Large Baseline Array Sites Kitt Peak, AZ New Mex. Texas New Mex. Virgin Islands

  30. 40 meter radio telescope Green Bank, WV

  31. 305 meterArecibo Radio Telescope

  32. Signal is received by telescope

  33. Signal is amplified

  34. Janskies Signal is converted to false colors Minutes

  35. SUPERNOVA REMNANT All declinations combined make a picture

  36. THE MOON

  37. A GALAXY

  38. Jupiter

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