All you ever wanted to Know about….

1. All you ever wanted to Know about…. Personal, Subject, Object, Possessive, Reflexive, and Indefinite

2. What is a Pronoun? • A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun or another pronoun. • Like a noun, a pronoun can refer to a person, place, thing, or idea. • The word that a pronoun refers to is called its antecedent. • For Example: Maria was lost. She didn’t panic. She checked the flashlight. It still worked.

3. Subject and Object Pronouns L6.1a Watch the video clip: https://edpuzzle.com/media/54f602d3cb7a02305a1f731b With your partner, label the subject and object pronouns in the following sentences below. S= Subject O= Object Sally is more silly than I. They are in our way. John will invite you to the birthday party tomorrow.

4. What is a Possessive Pronoun? L6.1a • A possessive pronoun is a personal pronoun used to show ownership or relationship.

5. To be continued… • The possessive pronouns my, your, her, his, its, our, and their come before nouns. • For Example: The dog pricked up its little ears. (ownership) It saw the boy and heard his loud cry for help. (relationship) The owner and his best friend came to the rescue. (relationship)

6. Write a sentence with a possessive pronoun. • Example • That new car is hers. • Now you try 

7. Pronouns can be tricky!!! • Some possessive pronouns sound like contractions (its/it’s, your/you’re, their/they’re). • Remember, a possessive pronoun never has an apostrophe. • A contraction, however, always has an apostrophe.

8. List of Personal Pronouns…

9. How about a Quick Review? Directions: With your partner, complete the following review of pronouns and discuss why you chose the word to complete each sentence. Pronouns are used to replace a __________. Sometimes the pronoun is the _________ of the sentence. Other times, the pronoun receiving the action is called the _________ of the sentence. _____________ pronouns show ownership and some examples are its, hers, and theirs.

10. Treasure Hunt… • Use the text to find examples of subject pronouns, object pronouns, and possessive pronouns.

11. What are Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns? L6.1b A pronoun that ends in self or selves are reflexive and intensive pronouns myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, itself,and themselves. Reflexive Pronouns: a reflexive pronoun refers to the subject and directs the action of the verb back to the subject. • Reflexive pronouns are necessary to the meaning of a sentence. • For Example: The Carson family tried to lift themselves out of poverty. Intensive Pronouns: an intensive pronoun enhances the subject, but it is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence. • For Example: Ben Carson wondered, as he had before, if he himself was smart.

12. Please watch the following interactive video. • https://edpuzzle.com/media/54f4d8723dd85d382a9ba902

13. Check for understanding… Directions: Identify the reflexive pronoun in each sentence. • A chameleon can give itself tasty meals of unsuspecting insects. • I wish I could claim some of its amazing powers for myself. Identify the intensive pronoun in each sentence. • Ed Sheeran became an overnight sensation and he himself is the reason for his success. • The project was accomplished by we ourselves with no help from our parents. Turn and talk: Look at the examples above and tell your elbow partner the difference between intensive and reflexive pronouns, and make up your own example sentence using an intensive pronoun.

14. Recognize Inappropriate Shifts in Pronoun Number or Person L6.1c • Part 1: Shifts in Person • First person, 2nd person, 3rd person • Part 2: Shifts in Number • Singular or plural

15. Recognizing 1st Person Ithink I will start a new company. I want some- thing that is all mine! • Writers or speakers who use first person speak directly about themselves by using the words I, me, my, mine.

16. Recognizing 1st Person We could start our own company. Then we could have something that is truly ours. • Writers or speakers who use first person speak directly about them-selves by using the words I, me, my, mine or the plural pronouns we, us, our, ours. • Notice that the speaker is still talking about himself even though he is now including someone else.

17. Recognizing 2nd Person You could start your own company. Then you could have something that is truly yours. • Writers or speakers who use second person are not speaking about them- selves. • They are writing or speaking directly to someone else.

18. Recognizing 3rd Person Sandra should start her own business. • Writers or speakers who use third person are neither speaking about themselves nor directly to someone else. • They are writing or speaking about someone or something else by using words such as he, him, she, her, it, its.

19. What is a shift in person? A shift in person refers to a mistaken change in person within a sentence or group of related sentences.

20. Example of a Shift in Person • When people get angry, we sometimes say things you would not say when calm. • Do you recognize the problems?

21. Example of a Shift in Person • When people get angry, wesometimes say things you would not say when calm. • people = 3rd person • we = 1stperson • you = 2nd person

22. Revised Sentence • When people get angry, theysometimes say things they would not say when calm. • people = 3rd person • they = 3rdperson

23. Another Shift in Person • On reaching the campsite, one must be upset to discover you must walk another mile for fresh drinking water. • Can you spot the problem?

24. Another Shift in Person • On reaching the campsite, one must be upset to discover you must walk another mile for fresh drinking water. • one = 3rd person; you = 2ndperson • How can you revise it?

25. Revised Sentence • On reaching the campsite, one must be upset to discover one must walk another mile for fresh drinking water. • On reaching the campsite, one must be upset to discover he or she must walk another mile for fresh drinking water. • On reaching the campsite, you must be upset to discover you must walk another mile for fresh drinking water.

26. Another Shift in Person • Nick, Lisa, and I took a close look at the money, and you could see that it was fake. • How would you correct this sentence?

27. Revised Sentence • Nick, Lisa, and I took a close look at the money, and wecould see that it was fake. • What did we do? We changed the 2nd person you to first person plural we. Notice that the subject (Nick, Lisa, and I)is first person plural.

28. Right now the sentence is 3rd person AND 1st person. Confusing!!!Rewrite the sentence so there is no awkward shift in pronoun placement. • The girls were waiting all day for their ride to the mall, so we finally asked a neighbor to drive us. Next slide…check your work 

29. Revised Sentence • The girls were waiting all day for their ride to the mall, so they finally asked a neighbor to drive them. • 3rd person plural Or… • Sally, Jane, and I were waiting all day for our ride to the mall, so we finally asked a neighbor to drive us. • 1st person plural

30. Part 2:Shifts in Pronoun Number • You may remember from the pronoun chart that some pronouns are singular and others plural. One More than one

31. Singular and Plural Pronouns Singular: I, me, my, mine, she, her, hers (orhe, him, his when referring to a man or a boy ) Plural: we, us, our, ours, they, them, their, theirs Singular: it, its

32. Special Note Would you like to use my phone? • Depending on whether one is writing or speaking to an individual or a group, second person pronouns (including you, your, yours) can be either singular or plural.

33. Choosing the Right Pronoun • Just as you select pronouns based on the correct “person,” you must also select them based on “number.” • Only two types of number exist: • singular • plural

34. What is a shift in number? • Changing from singular to plural or from plural to singularwhen referring to the same person or thing creates a shift in number.

35. Singular or plural? How do I know if I am shifting number? • First, you must recognize the word serving as the “antecedent” for the pronoun. • Then you must match the “number” of the pronoun to the “number” of the antecedent.

36. What is an antecedent? • Although this rule may sound difficult, it is actually quite simple. • The antecedent is the word that the pronoun refers to--in other words, the word the pronoun is renaming.

37. Example • The car looked brand new although it was actually sixty years old. • Pronoun: it (singular) • Antecedent: car (singular)

38. Another Example • These students attend college during the day, and they work in a restaurant at night. • Pronoun? • Antecedent?

39. Another Example • These students attend college during the day, and they work in a restaurant at night. • Pronoun?they (plural) • Antecedent? students (plural)

40. A Final Example • The manager was almost run down as shoppers hurried past him toward the meat department. • Pronoun? • Antecedent?

41. A Final Example • The manager was almost run down as shoppers hurried past him toward the meat department. • Pronoun? him (singular) • Antecedent? manager (singular)

42. Example of a Shift in Number • Classes have been cancelled for today, but it will resume tomorrow. • Pronoun? • Antecedent?

43. Example of a Shift in Number • Classes have been cancelled for today, but it will resume tomorrow. • Pronoun?it (singular) • Antecedent? Classes (plural) • When pronoun and antecedent don’t match in number, you have a “shift in number.”

44. Revising the Shift • Classes have been cancelled for today, but they will resume tomorrow. • Pronoun? they (plural) • Antecedent? Classes (plural)

45. A Common Cause of Shifts in Number • Shifts in number often result when a writer tries to avoid “gender bias.” • “Gender bias” refers to discrimination against either gender--male or female.

46. Example of Number Shift to Avoid Gender Bias • An employee who wishes to take time off during the holidays should submit their request by Friday. • their (plural) • employee (singular)

47. The Result • Although the writer correctly included both genders, the result was a pronoun error. • The writer could have avoided the error in either of two ways:

48. Revision # 1 • An employee who wishes to take time off during the holidays should submit his or her request by Friday. • Both pronoun and antecedent are now singular.

49. Caution • This solution works well as long as the writer does not need to use “his or her” repeatedly. • Such repetition would result in awkward sentences. his or her his or her his or her his or her his or her his or her

50. Revision # 2 • Employees who wish to take time off during the holidays should submit their requests by Friday. • By using a plural pronoun and plural antecedent, writers can avoid both the pronoun error and the potentially awkward sentences using “his or her.”