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Schism, Reform and Renewal

Schism, Reform and Renewal. Babylonian Captivity 14 th , 15 th Black death, schism, more heresies,Renaissance Christianity in the east Protestant Revolt (reformation) Catholic Reformation. Babylonian Captivity (Avignon Papacy). 1309-1377

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Schism, Reform and Renewal

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  1. Schism, Reform and Renewal Babylonian Captivity 14th, 15th Black death, schism, more heresies,Renaissance Christianity in the east Protestant Revolt (reformation) Catholic Reformation

  2. Babylonian Captivity (Avignon Papacy) • 1309-1377 • Philip IV – refused to submit to Pope Boniface, had him arrested and beaten. He then manipulated the elections – had Frenchmen elected as pope who appointed French cardinals, etc…. To what does OT event Babylonian Captivity refer? What is Avignon Papacy? Where is Avignon?

  3. Which 2 saints helped influence to move back to Rome? Babylonian Captivity • Appointed clergy lived opulently • William of Ockham calling for more democratic procedures, others saying the pope had no authority, etc…. • Bridget of Sweden and Catherine of Sienna convinced Gregory XI to move back to Rome • Church needed to be neutral in war b/t France and England • Church needed to deal with Black Plague

  4. Babylonian CaptivityBlack Death/ Bubonic Plague • 1347-1350 (at its height) • The ‘good clergy’ were dying off and so the Church started ordaining those who didn’t complete educations, etc…

  5. Babylonian Captivity/Great Western Schism • When Gregory died (in Rome) the Italian mobs influenced the elections and an Italian was elected. (Urban – later backed by English and Germans) • The French Cardinals claimed they were pressured and so went to France and elected a French pope. (Clement – backed by France and Scotland)

  6. What is the great Western Schism? Great Western Schism • 1378-1417 • There was confusion of who was pope, so a council was held and they elected Alexander – So – now there were 3 were claiming to be pope • There were arguments of who had ‘more authority’ – Councils or the Pope (Conciliarism)

  7. What did John Wycliff and John Huss promote? Confusion continued… • Nationalism is high • Who has authority? • John Wycliff in England 1324-1384 (highlighted abuses in Church and said Church had no authority) • John Huss said same thing in Bohemia – but was burnt at the stake and considered a hero

  8. Renaissance • Emphasis on human nature – literature (Dante) intellectual, (DaVinci, …) artistic, (Michaelangelo) architectural…… • Emphasis was on more human than divine • Renaissance also had the most corrupt popes yet! OyVeh! • Kings not exactly liking to obey the pope

  9. What else is happening? • 1439 – Council of Florence unites Greeks with Catholic Church • 1453- Constantinople is defeated by the Turks, Eastern Christian empire ends • 1456 – Gutenberg produces Bible • 1483 – Spanish Inquisition begins • 1492 – Columbus travels to New World

  10. Protestant Revolt (Reformation) • What do you know?

  11. Martin Luther – October 31, 1517 • 95 Thesis on the door of a church in Wittenburg, Germany • Sola Fide, Sola Scriptura • 1930 – Augsburg Confession (creed of Lutheranism) • 1555 – Peace of Augsburg – (principle of cuiusregio, eiusreligio / whose region, his religion)

  12. When date do we say the Protestant revolt/reformation begin? By whom, where and how did it begin?

  13. Ulrich Zwingli – Switzerland - Removed music, statues, said the Eucharist was a symbol, etc…. • Calvin – predestination (Congregationalists - Puritans) • John Knox – everyone is a priest (Presbyterian) • Henry VIII – Anglican

  14. Catholic Reformation • Council of Trent – 1545-1563 • Papal Supremacy reaffirmed • Scripture AND Tradition reaffirmed • Salvation if gift and we respond to grace • 7 sacraments reaffirmed and more clearly defined • Abuses addressed – refining of church laws, priestly training • Catechism and Roman Missal

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