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Missions & Funding: A practical guide to doing science

Missions & Funding: A practical guide to doing science . R. P. Lin Physics Dept & Space Sciences Laboratory University of California, Berkeley. Science Idea Current research Outstanding questions Measurements Required New Instrument Development Mission Design

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Missions & Funding: A practical guide to doing science

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  1. Missions & Funding: A practical guide to doing science R. P. Lin Physics Dept & Space Sciences Laboratory University of California, Berkeley

  2. Science Idea • Current research • Outstanding questions • Measurements Required • New Instrument Development • Mission Design • Obtaining Community Support • Papers & presentations • NASA, NSF, NAS Committees • Other factors • Funding Opportunities • NASA (space-based) • NSF (ground-based) • Foreign

  3. 23 July 2002 X4.8 Flare(Lin et al 2003) Thermal Plasma ~3x107 K Accelerated Electrons ~10 keV to >10s MeV Accelerated Ions ~1 to >100s of MeV

  4. The Sun is the most energetic particle accelerator in the solar system:- Ions up to ~ 10s of GeV - Electrons up to ~100s of MeVAcceleration to these energies occurs in transient energy releases, in two (!) processes:- Large Solar Flares, in the lower corona - Fast Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), in the inner heliosphere, ~2-40 solar radii

  5. Large (L)SEP events - tens/year at solar maximum - dominated by: - >10 MeV protons (small e/p ratio) - Normal coronal composition (?) - Normal coronal charge states (?) - SEPs seen over >~100º of solar longitude - associated with: - Fast Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) - Large flares (but sometimes missing) - Gradual (~hours) soft X-ray bursts (also called Gradual SEP events) * Acceleration by fast CME driven shock wave in inner heliosphere, ~2-40 solar radii

  6. Science Idea • Current research • Outstanding questions • Measurements Required • New Instrument Development • Mission Design • Obtaining Community Support • Papers & presentations • NASA, NSF, NAS Committees • Other factors • Funding Opportunities • NASA (space-based) • NSF (ground-based) • Foreign

  7. <----- RHESSI coverage -----> Solar Flare Spectrum hot loop Thermal Bremsstrahlung T = 2 x 107 K HXR footpoints T = 4 x 107 K photosphere Nonthermal Bremsstrahlung Π0Decay Positron and Nuclear Gamma-Ray lines soft X-rays hard X-rays g-rays 

  8. Grid #3

  9. Grid 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Grid 1 Angular Coverage Vs. Energy

  10. Detector Design

  11. Germanium Detector Housing

  12. Energy Resolution vs. Energy D1309.001

  13. Instrument Development • HIREGS (High Resolution Gamma-ray/Hard X-ray Spectrometer) • Long Duration Balloon Payload flown in Antarctica 1991-2 • HEIDI (High Energy Imaging Device) • Demonstration Balloon flight 1993

  14. Science Idea • Current research • Outstanding questions • Measurements Required • New Instrument Development • Mission Design • Obtaining Community Support • Papers & presentations • NASA, NSF, NAS Committees • Other factors • Funding Opportunities • NASA (space-based) • NSF (ground-based) • Foreign

  15. Community Support • NASA • Heliophysics (Sun-Earth Connections)Roadmap • National Academy of Science • Committee on Solar & Space Physics (CSSP) • Solar & Space Physics Decadal Survey • Studies • NASA –Science & Technology Definition Team • NSF – similar for ground-based oservatories

  16. Other Factors • NASA’s Vision for Space Exploration • Humans to Moon & Mars

  17. Funding opportunities • Solar Terrestrial Probes ~$500M • STEREO, MMS, GEC • Living with a Star (LWS) ~$500M • SDO, Geospace (RBSP, ITSP), Sentinels • Explorers • Small Explorers (SMEX) ~$100M • Middle Class Explorers (MIDEX) ~$250M • Supporting Research & Technology (SRT) • Low Cost Access to Space (LCAS): Rockets & Balloons • Flagship Missions • Solar Probe ~$1B

  18. Proposals • Forming a team • Scientific, technical, financial, managerial • Maximize science • Minimize risk • Instrument Design • Mission Design • Spacecraft • Mission Operations & Data Analysis

  19. Development (Fabrication) • Instrument(s) • Spacecraft • Usually subcontractor • Integration & Test • Ground system • Data downlink • Mission Operations Center (MOC) • Science Operations Center (SOC)

  20. Reviews • Competition • Science ~40% - Peer review • Implementation ~30% • Management & cost ~30% • TEMCO (Technical, Management, Cost) Review

  21. Germanium Detector Housing

  22. Mechanical Cryocooler

  23. Front Tray

  24. Rear Tray

  25. Imager – side view

  26. CCD RAS

  27. PaulTurin DavePankow

  28. RHESSI vibration test anomaly

  29. SPACEFLIGHT NOW Posted: June 4, 2001 X-43A launch failure Next Pegasus rocket launch delayed in X-43A aftermath The High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, or HESSI satellite, was scheduled to rocket into space on Thursday aboard an air-launched Orbital Sciences Pegasus XL booster.

  30. RHESSI launch February 5, 2002

  31. U.C. Berkeley Mission Operations Center BGS Antenna, Equipment Racks and FOT Workstations at the UCB Mission Operations Center

  32. Reuven Ramaty (1972)1937 – 2001

  33. Imaging spectroscopy

  34. Spectral Components total model broad De-excitation lines -narrow Neutron-capture2.2 MeV power law - electron bremsstrahlung 511 keV- positron annihilation

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